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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Étude des anomalies de la flore vaginale : Facteurs de risque, prédicteurs de la récurrence et association avec l'infection à VIH chez des travailleuses du sexe recrutées dans un essai clinique en Inde et dans deux pays africains
No full textObjectifs : Le présent travail, qui a consisté en l’analyse secondaire des données provenant des travailleuses de sexe (TS) recrutées au niveau de 2 sites Africains et 2 sites Indiens, dans le cadre de l’essai clinique sur le gel vaginal de sulfate de cellulose, avait pour objectifs : 1) d’identifier les facteurs de risque de la flore vaginale intermédiaire (FVI) et de la vaginose bactérienne (VB), 2) d’étudier l’association entre les anomalies de la flore vaginale et l’infection à VIH, 3) d’identifier les prédicteurs de la récurrence de la VB.
Méthodes : L’étude comprend deux analyses transversales et une longitudinale. Les deux analyses transversales ont exploité les données sociodémographiques, comportementales et biologiques de la visite de dépistage de 1367 participantes. La première analyse transversale a combiné les régressions logistiques polytomique et dichotomique pour examiner les facteurs de risque de la FVI en rapport avec ceux de la VB tandis que la seconde analyse a utilisé la régression log-binomiale pour étudier l’association entre les anomalies de la flore vaginale et l’infection par le VIH. L’analyse longitudinale, quant à elle, a exploité les données de base et de suivi de 440 TS enrôlées dans l’essai clinique et a utilisé le modèle de risque proportionnel de Andersen-Gill pour identifier les prédicteurs de la récurrence de la VB.
Résultats : La FVI partage avec la VB, la plupart de ses facteurs de risque ou de protection et ceci supporte l’idée que les deux ne constituent qu’une seule et même maladie. Les facteurs de risque communs à la FVI et à la BV, et particulièrement ceux qui sont plus fortement associés à la FVI qu’à la VB, sont peu révélés par la régression dichotomique regroupant la FVI et la flore normale comme catégorie de référence. Par ailleurs, la FVI est associée à l’infection à VIH aussi fortement que la VB avec respectivement des rapports de prévalences ajustés (RPa) = 1,56 [intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95%=1,22-1,98] et RPa=1,48 (IC à 95%=1,20-1,84). Enfin, la douche vaginale récente et l’utilisation constante de condom avec le partenaire régulier se sont révélées être les principaux prédicteurs de la récurrence de la VB avec respectivement des rapports de taux d’incidence ajustés (RTIa)= 1,30 (IC à 95%=1,02 – 1,64) et RTIa=0,68 (IC à 95%=0,49 - 0,93).
Conclusion : La dichotomisation des anomalies de flore vaginale isolant la FVI de la VB mérite d’être reconsidérée. La FVI devrait être considérée au même titre que la VB et traitée en tant que telle dans les stratégies de prévention qui devraient mettre l’accent sur les méfaits de la douche vaginale et l’effet protecteur de l’utilisation constante de condom avec tous les types de partenaires sexuels.Objectives: The present work consisted in the secondary analysis of data from female sex workers (FSW) recruited at two African and two Indian sites, in the context of a clinical trial on the cellulose sulfate vaginal gel, and had as objectives: 1) to identify risk factors for intermediate vaginal flora (IVF) and bacterial vaginosis (BV), 2) to study the association between vaginal flora abnormalities and HIV infection, 3) to identify predictors of recurrence of BV.
Methods: The study included two cross-sectional and one longitudinal analyses. Both cross-sectional analyses used socio-demographic, behavioral and biological data from the screening visit of 1367 participants. The first cross-sectional analysis combined the dichotomous and polytomous logistic regressions to examine risk factors for the IVF in connection with those for BV, while the second analysis used the log-binomial regression to investigate the association between abnormal vaginal flora and HIV. The longitudinal analysis used baseline and follow-up data from 440 FSW enrolled in the clinical trial and used Andersen-Gill proportional hazard model to identify predictors of BV recurrence.
Results: IVF shares most of its risk or protective factors with BV, and this supports the idea that both are parts of the same disease. Risk factors common to BV and FVI, and particularly those which are more strongly associated with IVF than with BV, are unlikely to be revealed by dichotomous regressions grouping IVF and normal flora as reference category. IVF was associated with HIV infection as strongly as BV with adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) = 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 1.98] and aPR = 1.48 (95% CI = 1.20 to 1.84) respectively. Finally, recent vaginal douching and consistent condom use (CCU) with regular partner proved to be the main predictors of recurrence of BV with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.30 (95% CI = 1.02 - 1.64) and aHR = 0.68 (95% CI = 0.49 to 0.93) respectively.
Conclusion: The dichotomization of abnormal vaginal flora isolating IVF from BV needs to be reconsidered. IVF should be considered alongside BV and treated as such in preventive strategies which should focus on the adverse effects of vaginal douching and the protective effect of CCU with all types of sexual partners
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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