1,721,043 research outputs found
Influences of green star rating tool on HVAC system design
No full textBuildings are one of the most significant infrastructures in modern societies. The\ud
construction and operation of modern buildings consume a considerable amount of energy and\ud
materials, therefore contribute significantly to the climate change process. In order to reduce the\ud
environmental impact of buildings, various green building rating tools have been developed. In\ud
this paper, energy uses of the building sector in Australia and over the world are first reviewed.\ud
This is then followed by discussions on the development and scopes of various green building\ud
rating tools, with a particular focus on the Green Star rating scheme developed in Australia. It is\ud
shown that Green Star has significant implications on almost every aspect of the design of HVAC\ud
systems, including the selection of air handling and distribution systems, fluid handling systems,\ud
refrigeration systems, heat rejection systems and building control systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Numerical predictions of air temperature and velocity distribution to assist in the design of natural ventilation piggery buildings
No full textPigs are subjected to intensive environment control and management for higher productivity due to their sensitivity to climatic variation, which affects their growth and impacts greatly on the profitability of this industry. The appropriate temperature and air speed inside a piggery that meets the thermal comfort of the pigs depends on the age of the pigs; in this study grower pigs (32-52 kg) are considered. The aim of the current work is to model the air flow in a natural ventilation piggery numerically and hence predict the velocity and temperature of the air inside the piggery. The effect of some variation in the design of the piggery on the environment inside the piggery, and more specifically at the pigs’ level, has been also investigated. A steady two-dimensional numerical model including the effect of buoyancy, turbulence and heat generated by the pigs was solved using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent, which is based on the integral volume method. Temperature and air speed inside the piggery and at the pigs’ level were predicted for a particular wind velocity and temperature to facilitate the comparison of the effect of the different variations in the design proposed in this study. These variations were reducing the height of the outer wall of the piggery to the same level as the pens and changing the type of fence used in the pens as well as adding louvers in the air opening, changing the shape of the roof and adding insulation to the roof. Air was assumed to enter the piggery at speed of 0.92 m/s to the southwest and at temperature of 34 °C. The results suggest that varying the type of fence from a solid internal fence to ones made of separated bars (new fence) only did not have much impact on the environment inside the piggery. When this change was combined with the other variation such as lowering the outer walls it made some improvements. Combining the new fence, lowering the outer walls and changing the shape of the roof resulted in the highest increase in the air speed of about 0.2-0.4 m/s at the pigs’ level in comparison to the original design. Unfortunately this reduction was not large enough to bring temperature and air speed to the thermal comfort of these
pigs at that climate; however this improvement would be sufficient in a milder climate. It was concluded that water sprayers are needed in this hot climate to meet the pigs’ thermal comfort limit. The addition of sprayers has been investigated and results show that a large portion of the
piggery with the sprayers meets the thermal comfort of the pigs at this age. However, optimisation of the location of the sprayers and the amount of water to be used in the sprayers is recommended for future study so an economical watering system is obtained
Minimising evaporation loss from irrigation storages
No full textViewed via satellite or aircraft, a landscape feature of most warm countries around the world is the considerable number of glistening storages used for stock watering, and particularly, irrigation. Such storages are almost always shallow, these being defined as having a water depth of less that 5m when full. Evaporation rages for shallow open water in Australia are generally within the range of 2-5m annually, i.e. a major proportion of the stores volume. Estimates of the total fresh water to do 10% to 30% of the total water utilised for agricultural purposed (Gallego-Elvira et al, 2011). since 60% to 80 % of available fresh water is consumed for the purposes of irrigation, this amounts to a very great deal of water globally. the challenge is on for engineers as well as farmers to meet water and food security requirement for a predicted world population of 10 billion people by 2050. Minimising loss of water from irrigation storages therefore remains an issue of obvious priority
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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