1,725,588 research outputs found
Operationalizing equity in multipurpose water systems operations
No full textGrowing energy and food demands are increasing the pressure on many water systems and are exacerbating the competition between different water users, suggesting the need for participatory approaches involving all the conflicting stakeholders in order to negotiate potential compromise solutions. However, most of the existing approaches search for efficient solutions by adopting a posteriori decision-making tool to enable the exploration of tradeoffs, but often do not quantify how the resulting benefits are distributed across the stakeholders. In this work, we investigate how to operationalize equity principles into the design of improved water systems operations to discover new operating policies that better balance the tradeoffs between the competing stakeholders’ interests. More specifically, we analyze alternative problem formulations with different number of objectives, i.e., shifting from a traditional multi-objective to a many-objective optimization, and with/without the inclusion of an equity index among the objective functions. The approach is demonstrated on the operation of Lake Como, a regulated lake in Northern Italy primarily operated for flood protection and irrigation supply, along with other operating objectives such as prevention of low levels and ecosystem preservation downstream of the lake.
Our results show that including equity in the operating policy design can indirectly improve the performance in terms of secondary objectives that are not explicitly included in the optimization problem. Moreover, we show that many-objective optimization tends to search for the tradeoff between competing objectives, while an optimization incorporating equity consideration enriches the solution space by generating more compromise solutions mitigating the conflicts between the operating objectives. Lastly, we explore the sensitivity of our approach with respect to the definition of the utility functions used for aggregating the performance across the different objectives into a single equity metric. This work bridges the gap between multi-objective optimization approaches and equity-informed decision-making for real-world water resources planning and management, providing an effective tool to promote the implementation of efficient and equitable water resources policies
sj-docx-1-isp-10.1177_00207640221141785 – Supplemental material for Age, period and cohort effects in depression prevalence among Canadians 65+, 1994 to 2018: A multi-level analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-isp-10.1177_00207640221141785 for Age, period and cohort effects in depression prevalence among Canadians 65+, 1994 to 2018: A multi-level analysis by Guang Yang and Carl D’Arcy in International Journal of Social Psychiatry</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
[[alternative]]Stuidy on Phylogeography of Lacertidae in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]本研究是以同功異構晦(isozyme) 電冰技術(electrophoretic technique) ，對台
灣地區之蓬萊草蜥(Takydromus stejnegeri) 種內八個族群及蓬萊草蜥、南台草蜥
(Takydromus sauteri)、台灣草蜥(Takydromus formosanus) 、雪山草蜥(Takydro
mus hsuehshanensis) 和台灣地蜥(Takydromus kuehnei)等五種草蜥進行遺傳結構
(genetic structure) 與生物地理類緣關係(phylogeography)的探討。使用馬祖之
北草蜥(Takydromus septentrionalis)及香港的南草蜥(Takydromus sexlineatus)
作為外群(outgroup)生物，進行比對。
實驗中共檢測了十五種同功異構晦，得到26個基因座(locus),73個對偶基因(allel
e)。其中，蓬萊草蜥有15個多塑性基因座(Polylnorphic)，雪山草蜥有7 個多塑性
基因座，台灣五種草蜥種間則有24個多塑性基因座。
八個蓬萊草蜥族群基因交流值(Nm)為0.393 ，顯示出族群間基因交流受到阻礙，族
群近親交配係數(FIS) 為0.351 ，表示族群內個體有近親交配(inbreeding)的傾向
，族群間呈現非常高度的遺傳分化(FST=0.389) 。由回歸分析得知，蓬萊草蜥族群
的遺傳距離與地理距離呈現正相關，族群間基因交流方式符合隔離分化模型(The i
solation by distance model) ，族群群集關係主要是受到GDH*及IDH-1*的影響。
在十五個多型性基因座中，IDH-1*之A 對偶基因及ME-2* 之B 對偶基因頻率(allel
e frequency)與族群分布的緯度(latiude) 梯度有顯著的相關。
台灣五種草蜥中，蓬萊草蜥與雪山草蜥的遺傳距離[Nei(1978)] 最近[Nei's(D)=0.
174]，而台灣地蜥與台灣草蜥最遠[Nei's(D)=0.733]。種間呈現極高度的遺傳分化
(Fst=0.76)。遺傳距離顯示，台灣五種草蜥為同一屬中之獨立種。由階層分析(hie
rarchy analysis)可知，五種草蜥種間遺傳變異達到52.7% 。種間之群叢樹狀圖符
台灣五種草晰分成類緣關係較遠的兩群: 1.地蜥群(Platyplacopus group) ，包括
台灣地蜥及南台草蜥; 2.草蜥群(Takydromus group)包括蓬萊草蜥、雪山草蜥及台
灣草蜥。此外，馬祖北草蜥屬於草蜥群，而香港的南草蜥則屬於地蜥群。
台灣五種草蜥與中國大陸草蜥屬的演化歷程及地蜥群和革蜥群在台灣地區擴散的方
向，仍須更多詳細的資料進行研究。
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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