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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effectiveness of a multidimensional approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult intensive care units from 14 developing countries of four continents: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium
No full textObjectiveS:: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium's multidimensional approach on the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. DESIGN:: A prospective active surveillance before-after study. The study was divided into two phases. During phase 1, the infection control team at each intensive care unit conducted active prospective surveillance of ventilator-associated pneumonia by applying the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health Safety Network, and the methodology of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium. During phase 2, the multidimensional approach for ventilator-associated pneumonia was implemented at each intensive care unit, in addition to the active surveillance. SETTING:: Forty-four adult intensive care units in 38 hospitals, members of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, from 31 cities of the following 14 developing countries: Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, Lebanon, Macedonia, Mexico, Morocco, Panama, Peru, and Turkey. PATIENTS:: A total of 55,507 adult patients admitted to 44 intensive care units in 38 hospitals. INTERVENTIONS:: The International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium ventilator-associated pneumonia multidimensional approach included the following measures: 1) bundle of infection-control interventions; 2) education; 3) outcome surveillance; 4) process surveillance; 5) feedback of ventilator-associated pneumonia rates; and 6) performance feedback of infection-control practices. MEASUREMENTS:: The ventilator-associated pneumonia rates obtained in phase 1 were compared with the rates obtained in phase 2. We performed a time-series analysis to analyze the impact of our intervention. MAIN RESULT:: During phase 1, we recorded 10,292 mechanical ventilator days, and during phase 2, with the implementation of the multidimensional approach, we recorded 127,374 mechanical ventilator days. The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 22.0 per 1,000 mechanical ventilator days during phase 1, and 17.2 per 1,000 mechanical ventilator days during phase 2.The adjusted model of linear trend shows a 55.83percent reduction in the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia at the end of the study period; that is, the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was 55.83percent lower than it was at the beginning of the study. CONCLUSION:: The implementation the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium multidimensional approach for ventilator-associated pneumonia was associated with a significant reduction in the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate in the adult intensive care units setting of developing countries. © 2012 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.Arabi Y, 2008, INT J INFECT DIS, V12, P505, DOI 10.1016-j.ijid.2008.02.010; Assanasen S, 2008, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V36, P407, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2007.08.008; Barba EJR, 2006, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V34, P244, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2005.05-024; Boyce JM, 2002, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V30, pS1, DOI 10.1067-mic.2002.130391; BOYCE JM, 1985, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V13, P228, DOI 10.1016-0196-6553(85)90063-X; Burns KEA, 2003, COCHRANE DB SYST REV, DOI [10.1002-14651858.CD004127, DOI 10.1002-14651858.CD004127]; Coffin SE, 2008, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V29, pS31, DOI 10.1086-591062; Cook Deborah J., 1996, JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), V275, P308, DOI 10.1001-jama.275.4.308; Cuellar LE, 2008, REV PANAM SALUD PUBL, V24, P16, DOI 10.1590-S1020-49892008000700002; Dellinger RP, 2005, CRIT CARE, V9, P653, DOI 10.1186-cc3952; EMORI TG, 1991, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V19, P19, DOI 10.1016-0196-6553(91)90157-8; Gaynes RP, 1996, JOINT COMM J QUAL IM, V22, P457; Guanche-Garcell H, 2011, INT J INFECT DIS, V15, pE357, DOI 10.1016-j.ijid.2011.02.001; Heyland DK, 2001, CRIT CARE MED, V29, P1495, DOI 10.1097-00003246-200108000-00001; Higuera F, 2005, CRIT CARE MED, V33, P2022, DOI 10.1097-01.CCM.0000178190.89663.E5; Horan TC, 2008, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V36, P309, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2008.03.002; HUGHES JM, 1988, CHEMOTHERAPY, V34, P553; KELLEGHAN SI, 1993, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V21, P322, DOI 10.1016-0196-6553(93)90390-P; KOLLEF MH, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V270, P1965, DOI 10.1001-jama.270.16.1965; Kollef MH, 2004, CRIT CARE MED, V32, P1396, DOI 10.1097-01.CCM.0000128569.09113.FB; KOLLEF MH, 1995, ANN INTERN MED, V123, P168; Leblebicioglu H, 2007, J HOSP INFECT, V65, P251, DOI 10.1016-j.jhin.2006.10.012; Lynch P, 2007, BENNETT BRACHMANS HO, P255; Madani Naoufel, 2009, Int Arch Med, V2, P29, DOI 10.1186-1755-7682-2-29; Mehta A, 2007, J HOSP INFECT, V67, P168, DOI 10.1016-j.jhin.2007.07.008; Moreno CA, 2006, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V27, P349, DOI 10.1086-503341; Panknin Hardy-Thorsten, 2006, Pflege Z, V59, P2; Rello J, 1996, AM J RESP CRIT CARE, V154, P111; Rosenthal VD, 2006, ANN INTERN MED, V145, P582; Rosenthal VD, 2011, LANCET, V377, P186, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(10)62005-3; Rosenthal VD, 2004, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V25, P47, DOI 10.1086-502291; Rosenthal VD, 2008, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V36, P627, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2008.03.003; Rosenthal VD, 2010, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V38, P95, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2009.12.004; Rosenthal VD, 2008, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V36; Rosenthal VD, 2004, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V25, P251, DOI 10.1086-502386; Rosenthal Victor D, 2008, Am J Infect Control, V36, pe1, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2008.06.003; Rosenthal VD, 2003, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V31, P85, DOI 10.1067-mic.2003.63; Rosenthal VD, 2010, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V31, P1264, DOI 10.1086-657140; Rosenthal VD, 2003, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V31, P291, DOI 10.1067-mic.2003.1; Rosenthal VD, 2011, EPIDEMIOL INFECT, V139, P1757, DOI 10.1017-S0950268811000094; Rosenthal VD, 2005, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V33, P157, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2004.08.008; Rosenthal VD, 2006, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V34, P58, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2005.11.002; Rosenthal VD, 2003, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V31, P405, DOI 10.1067-mic.2003.52; Rosenthal VD, 2005, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V33, P392, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2004.08.009; Salomao R, 2008, REV PANAM SALUD PUBL, V24, P195, DOI 10.1590-S1020-49892008000900006; SALORD F, 1990, INTENS CARE MED, V16, P390, DOI 10.1007-BF01735177; Sax H, 2009, AM J INFECT CONTROL, V37, P827, DOI 10.1016-j.ajic.2009.07.003; Tablan Ofelia C, 2004, MMWR Recomm Rep, V53, P1; Tantipong H, 2008, INFECT CONT HOSP EP, V29, P131, DOI 10.1086-526438; Youngquist Paul, 2007, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, V33, P21922282
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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