186 research outputs found
Statistical analysis plan for the second INTEnsive blood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT2): a large-scale investigation to solve longstanding controversy over the most appropriate management of elevated blood pressure in the hyperacute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage
No full textCraig Anderson, Emma Heeley, Stephane Heritier, Hisatomi Arima, Mark Woodward, Richard Lindley, Bruce Neal, Yining Huang, Ji-Guang Wang, Mark Parsons, Christian Stapf, Tom Robinson, Pablo Lavados, Candice Delcourt, Stephen Davis, and John Chalmers for the INTERACT2 Investigator
Distributionally Robust Joint Chance-Constrained Programming with Wasserstein Metric
No full textIn this paper, we develop an exact reformulation and a deterministic
approximation for distributionally robust joint chance-constrained programmings
(DRCCPs) with a general class of convex uncertain constraints under data-driven
Wasserstein ambiguity sets. It is known that robust chance constraints can be
conservatively approximated by worst-case conditional value-at-risk (CVaR)
constraints. It is shown that the proposed worst-case CVaR approximation model
can be reformulated as an optimization problem involving biconvex constraints
for joint DRCCP. We then derive a convex relaxation of this approximation model
by constructing new decision variables which allows us to eliminate biconvex
terms. Specifically, when the constraint function is affine in both the
decision variable and the uncertainty, then the resulting approximation model
is equivalent to a tractable mixed-integer convex reformulation for joint
binary DRCCP. Numerical results illustrate the computational effectiveness and
superiority of the proposed formulations
Increasing interpretability in XAI: Addressing the design principles for interactive XUIs to increase interpretability in XAI for end-users
No full textRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in deep learning, have significantly enhanced AI capabilities but have also led to more complex and less interpretable algorithms. This research addresses the challenge of Explainable AI (XAI) by focusing on enhancing the interpretability of AI decisions through the use of Explainable User Interfaces (XUI). The study identifies two primary knowledge gaps: the predominance of XAI research targeting technically skilled users, neglecting the end-user who often lacks technical expertise, and the insufficient exploration of user-centric design principles in real-world XUI applications.The research adopts the Design Science Research Method (DSRM) to develop an XUI tailored for the FOKUS project, which uses Electrocardiogram (ECG) data to detect myocardial infarctions. The study emphasises the strategic application of interactive design principles such as complementary naturalness, flexibility in explanation methods, and responsiveness through progressive disclosure to improve the system’s interpretability. Notably, sensitivity to context and mind, though not initially implemented, emerged as a critical design principle from the analysis and was subsequently positioned at the pinnacle of a restructured pyramid model of design principles.Key findings highlight the effectiveness of the selected design principles in enhancing interpretability and underscore the importance of involving stakeholders early in the development process to align the XAI and XUI with end-user needs. The research proposes a structured design approach framework for XUI, involving sequential phases from pre-XAI to XUI design, to systematically integrate user feedback and improve the design iteratively. The proposed framework restructured pyramid model of the design principles aim to guide future developments in XAI and XUI, enhancing their practical application and effectiveness in various contexts.Management of Technology (MoT
Cohort profile: the Northwest China Real-world and Population-based Cohort
No full textThe Northwest China Real-World and Population-based cohort is an ongoing prospective cohort with more than 25 million population, covering almost all residents across approximately 1.66 million square kilometers in northwest China; The cohort integrates data from various sources, including health profiles, examination records, electronic health records, mortality records, statistical yearbooks, and environmental datasets, covering comprehensive health-related factors such as demographics, lifestyle factors, family medical history, living conditions, enrollment in national public health services, physical examinations, blood assay tests, diagnostic assessments, disease outcomes, and cause-specific mortality. This real-world dataset can evaluate clinical treatment effectiveness and prognosis, assess impact of health policy, and investigate the health effects of multiple risk factors . From January 2019 to December 2023, the cohort has included 13,634,481 participants, accumulating 47,050,707 person-years of follow-up, with 13,598,407 medical diagnosis records and 881,114 recorded deaths. Cohort data are available upon request. De-identified and anonymized data are stored on local servers and accessed through a data-sharing platform, enabling users to utilize the data without direct access to the raw information. A description of the proposed research can be sent to Yining Yang & Qian Di.32 pages,2 tables 2 figures, and 1 appendi
Montgomery County Outdoor Classroom and Learning Landscape Conceptual Master Plan
No full textThe Izaak Walton League (IWL) is a national organization "formed in 1922 to save outdoor America for future generations. The League's founders, who were avid anglers, chose to name the organization after Izaak Walton, the 17th century author of The Complete Angler, one of the most famous books on fishing. The IWL is one of the earliest conservation organizations to set an aggressive course to defend wild America by changing public policy. Almost every major, successful conservation program that America has in place today can be traced directly to a League activity or initiative.Throughout more than 270 communities, IWL chapters advance the mission of the organization - restoring watersheds, reducing air pollution, fighting litter, protecting wildlife habitat and open spaces, and instilling conservation ethics in outdoor recreationists." (http://www.iwla.org/index.php?id=9).In line with this mission, the Christiansburg-Montgomery Chapter of the IWL has initiated a partnership with the Montgomery County Public School System (MCPS) to utilize portions of their site as a county-wide outdoor classroom. The site's central location in the county as well as its existing resources and opportunities make it an excellent site for watershed education. Here county teachers can engage their students in hands-on learning opportunities and instill a love of and appreciation for the natural environment, particularly watersheds and fishing. Some key site attributes include a spring, a fish run, two ponds, a stream, a wetland area, and a small trail system. Site habitat areas include wetland, meadow, stream, spring, pond, and wooded hillslope.The Community Design Assistance Center, an outreach Center in the College of Architecture and Urban Studies, was asked to assist Montgomery County Public Schools in preparing a conceptual site master plan for the site. The conceptual master plan looks to enhance safe and ADA accessible access to site resources and develop additional learning opportunities on site as well. Support facilities and structures such as ADA restrooms, adequate bus turn-arounds, parking, and storage are also addressed.Virginia. Department of EducationLearn & Serve GrantCover title."Prepared for the Montgomery County Public School System and the Christiansburg-Montgomery Izaak Walton League Chapter, June 1010."Project team: Elizabeth Gilboy, director; Kim Steika, project coordinator; Daniel (Yu) Ling, Yining Xu
Do visual working memory and attentive tracking share a resource pool that is merely determined by slots?
No full textM.Phil.It is well documented that attention and visual working memory share similarities in terms of capacity, and at least part of their mechanisms have something in common; however, there is no consensus in terms of whether the shared resources of them can be occupied in a fixed-slot way or a load-based way. The present study tried to answer this question. In the study, two dual-task experiments were conducted, with an attentional tracking task and a visual working memory task. In experiment 1, the overall load of attentional tracking task was different in two ways - either by varying the number of the targets to be tracked (number of slots), or by varying the speed of the moving items (information load). And in experiment 2, the load of visual working memory task was different also by varying the number of targets to be remembered (number of slots), or the distance among their locations (information load). The dual-task cost for both the tasks was calculated. It turned out that information load did play a role in experiment 1, but not in experiment 2. The results supported the notion that attention and visual working memory may share a resource pool that is at least partly determined by overall information load. But the absence of a bidirectional effect between the two processes may indicate some distinct mechanisms, which is in line with some previous findings (e.g., Fougnie & Marois, 2006). To advance the research on this topic, more precise definitions of visual working memory and attention should be provided in the effort of finding the overlap of some potential sub-pool of resources; moreover, better manipulation is needed to control the spatial interference of the two processes, and to focus on the interference of their mechanisms.許多研究發現，注意與視覺工作記憶的機制和容量都具有不少相似性，並共享一部分共同的資源。但它們佔用的資源是否以固定物體數量的方式進行組織，還是基於單個物體的負荷決定可加工物體數量，目前尚無定論。本研究試圖通過兩個實驗來回答這一問題。兩個實驗均採用雙任務範式，任務之一為需要注意的多物體追蹤，之二為視覺工作記憶任務。在實驗一中，注意追蹤任務的總體負荷將通過增加目標個數或物體移動速度（即增加信息負荷）的方式增加，在實驗二中，記憶任務的總體負荷將通過增加目標個數或縮短目標間距離（即增加信息負荷）的方式增加。兩個實驗中，另一任務的負荷均保持不變。結果發現，注意與視覺工作記憶共享的資源池，至少在一定程度上由目標物體的整體信息負荷決定，而不僅僅是目標物體的個數。但是，沒有在實驗一和二中發現兩個任務間相互對等的影響關係。這可能同時說明，注意與視覺工作記憶之間，依然存在不同的工作機制，這也與先前的研究發現相符 (如Fougnie & Marois, 2006)。未來的研究可以對注意與視覺工作記憶的細分定義進行探討，更好地匹配兩個任務中相關特徵的屬性，從而更為精準地發現兩個過程可能重合的部分資源。此外，追蹤任務中的物體運動軌跡應當被更好地控制，以減小兩個任務在視覺空間信息層面的影響幹擾，進而更好地研究他們在機制層面的影響。Xu, Yining.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-31).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 10, February, 2020)
Design tools for cross-disciplinary collaboration and communication : a designer’s reflection on the two collaboration projects
No full textThe complexity of problems in modern society requires multi-dimensional evaluation, integrating not only technological but also societal, economic, health and environmental issues, leading to growing demand for cross-disciplinary collaboration. However, like the issue of cross-disciplinary research study, teamwork itself is complex, uncertain and dynamic. Therefore, this article studies the process of cross-disciplinary collaboration. Theoretical framework encompasses project management and collaboration, which is for explaining and understanding the situation. It also provides methods and principles for designing a set of practical tools The focus of the research is to analyse causes and problems of failure through case study and interview. The conclusion was the lack of communication between the group at the collaborative level and the lack of defining goals and roles at the project management level upfront. According to SECI and Boundary Object Principles in Knowledge Integration, the thesis gets the purpose and requirements for designing methods and tools and then follows the design thinking process to get the final results. The purpose of communication is to define goals and roles. For this reason, the author proposes four boundary objects, namely project goals, Project scope, and role & responsibilities。 The thesis results in the development of a set of collaborative methods, which is realised in the form of templates and instruction of using those templates
Effects of downstream environmental flow release on enhancing the groundwater recharge and restoring the groundwater/surface-water connectivity in Yongding River, Beijing, China
No full textThe Yongding River (Beijing, China) was dry most times of the year, and groundwater storage was severely depleted. To address this issue, a river rehabilitation project was initiated. A downstream environmental flow release (EFR) project from upstream reservoirs has been implemented since 2019. This study evaluated the impact of EFR by constructing transient groundwater-flow and numerical tracer transport models to simulate the hydrogeological responses to the water release events in 2019–2020. The study identified two factors that significantly influence the river leakage rate, which are operational factors (i.e., water release rate and duration) and physical factors (i.e., hydraulic properties of the riverbed, regional hydraulic gradients, and groundwater depth) that determine the maximum water availability for groundwater recharge and maximum infiltration capacity, respectively. Predictive modelling was performed to assess the long-term effects of the proposed EFR scheme from 2021 to 2050, which showed that groundwater levels along the river will increase by 10–20 m by 2050. Groundwater storage is expected to be largely recovered and groundwater/surface-water connectivity in the middle reach of the river will be restored. This restoration will not only maintain the environmental flow for the benefit of ecosystems but also enhance groundwater recharge, promoting sustainable groundwater development in the region. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the proposed EFR scheme in achieving sustainable groundwater development in the region.Water Resource
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