110,007 research outputs found
Struktur und Eigenschaften der Krystalle. — H. G. F. Winkler, 1950
No full textGrund Alfred. Struktur und Eigenschaften der Krystalle. — H. G. F. Winkler, 1950. In: Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, volume 74, 7-12, 1951. pp. 532-533
Influence of methylphenidate on brain development--an update of recent animal experiments.
No full textGrund T, Lehmann K, Bock N, Rothenberger A, Teuchert-Noodt G. Influence of methylphenidate on brain development--an update of recent animal experiments. Behav Brain Funct. 2006;2(1): 2.Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly used drug to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children effectively and safely. In spite of its widespread application throughout one of the most plastic and sensitive phases of brain development, very little is known to date about its long-term effects on brain structure and function. Hence, this short review updates the influence of MPH on brain development, since recent human and animal studies suggest that MPH alters the dopaminergic system with long-term effects beyond the termination of treatment.Animal studies imply that the effects of MPH may depend on the neural responder system: Whereas structural and functional parameters are improved by MPH in animals with psychomotor impairments, they remain unaltered or get worse in healthy controls. While recent behavioural studies do not fully support such a differential effect of MPH in ADHD, the animal studies certainly prompt for further investigation of this issue. Furthermore, the abuse of MPH, when (rarely) intravenously applied, may even impair the maturation of dopaminergic fibres in subcortical brain areas. This argues for careful clinical assessment and diagnostics of ADHD symptomatology not only in conjunction with the prescription of MPH. Hence, one should be assured that MPH is only given to children with clear ADHD symptomatology leading to psychosocial impairment. The animal data suggest that under these conditions MPH is supportive for brain development and the related behaviour in children with ADHD
Prima descrizione di Cystidicola farionis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in salmonidi selvatici in Italia
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Das Modell „komplexen Bewusstseins“ der Integrativen Therapie - Beispiele der Anwendung in verschiedenen Tätigkeitsfeldern
No full textDie Bewußtseinstheorie der Integrativen Therapie, wie sie in ersten Umrissen von Hilarion G. Petzold schon Ende der sechziger Jahre konzeptualisiert wurde, um dann 1988 differenzier ausformuliert zu werden, wird von den Praktikern der Integrativen Therapie bislang offenbar noch recht wenig genutz, obwohl – wie die Neurowissenschaften zeigen – Bewußtseinsprozesse für das Verstehen psychischen Geschehens doch sehr bedeutsam sind und die Bewußtseinforschung große Fortschritte gemacht hat (Metzinger 1996, 2003). Die Integrative Bewußtseinstheorie ist von ihrem Aufbau und ihrer Struktur mit diesen Forschungen gut kompatibel und schlägt eine Brücke zwischen neurowissenschaftlicher Orientierung (Perrig et al. 1993, Roth 2003) und tiefenpsychologischer Theorienbildung (Petzold 2002b revid.).Mit der Frage des Bewußtseins und des neuronalen Unbewußten, daß z.T. dem Bewußtsein strukturell niemals zugänglich ist (man kann nicht introspektiv das „Feuern der Neurone“ erfassen – der eigenen wie auch von Anderen -, hier liegt auch die Grenze jeder tiefenpsychologischen bzw. psychoanalytischen Emapthie- und Deutungsarbeit), ist auch die Frage nach bewußten und unbewußten Lernprozessen (Kandel, Hawking 1992; Spitzer 2002), mit denen sich die „komplexe Lerntheorie“ des Integrativen Ansatzes befaßt (Sieper, Petzold 2002) und mit bewußtem und unbewußtem Willen und Wollen verbunden (Libet et al. 2000), und ohne Willensarbeit, diesem vernachlässigten Thema der Psychotherapie, ist fruchtbare psychotherapeutische Arbeit nur bedingt möglich, wie die drei Bände von Petzold (2001i) und Petzold, Sieper (2003) zum Willensproblem in den psychotherapeutischen Schulen zeigen.Die Integrative Bewußseinstheorie geht von einem Spektrum des Bewußseins aus, das sich zunächst von einem prizipiell der Introspektion unzugänglichen Bereich des neuronalen Unbewußten, über Unbewußtes, das durch Dissoziierung und Verdrängung zustande gekommen ist (UBW), über Vorbewußtes (VBW), das in die Gedächtnisspeicher aus dem „Bewußtseinsfeld“ abgesunken ist, in den Bereich des Mitbewußten (MBW) erstreckt, der am Rand dieses Feldes liegt, um dann in die Wachbewußtheit, die awareness überschritten zu werden, an Bewußtseinklarheit zu gewinnen, consciousness, reflexives Ich-Bewußtsein (IBW), dass sich zu einem hyperreflexiven Klarbewußtsein (KBW) steigern kann, einem luziden Bewußtsein, dass in meditativer Versukenheit in einem Nichts-Bewußtsein (NBW) überschritten werden kann.Auf diesem Bewußtseinsspektrum (vgl. Abb. 4, Petzold 2003, 256) mit seinen „Schwellen“ und Uebergängen lassen sich Bewußtseinszustände von PatientInnen anhand von Phänomenen beobachten, in ihrem Verhalten, ihren Äußerungen verorten. Nur wenn es dem Therapeuten/der Therapeutin gelingt, die Bewußseinslagen ihres Patienten/ihrer Patientin genau zu erfassen, kann es zu einer guten „Passung“ kommen und wird es gelingen, auf Bedürfnisse, Probleme, Entwicklungsaufgaben adäquat zu reagieren.Im Folgenden sollen einige kurze Anwendungsbeispiele aus verschiedenen Praxisfeldern der AutorInnen zeigen, wie die Bewußtseinstheorie der Integrativen Therapie für die therapeutische Arbeit fruchtbar gemacht werden kann.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/14-2004-grund-o-richter-k-schwedland-schulte-g-petzold-h-gdas-modell-komplexen-bewusstseins/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cerebrovascular tone rather than intracranial pressure determines the effective downstream pressure of the cerebral circulation in the absence of intracranial hypertension
No full textCerebral perfusion pressure is commonly calculated from the difference between mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure because intracranial pressure is known to represent the effective downstream pressure of the cerebral circulation. Studies of other organs, however, have shown that effective downstream pressure is determined by a critical closing pressure located at the arteriolar level. This study was designed to investigate the effects of PCO2-induced variations in cerebrovascular tone on the effective downstream pressure of the cerebral circulation. Sixteen patients recovering from head injury were studied. Intracranial pressure was assessed by epidural pressure transducers. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was monitored by transcranial Doppler sonography. Effective downstream pressure was derived from the zero flow pressure as extrapolated by regression analysis of instantaneous arterial pressure/middle cerebral artery flow velocity relationships. PaCO2 was varied between 30 and 47 mm Hg in randomized sequence. Intracranial pressure decreased from 18.5 +/- 5.2 mm Hg, during hypercapnia to 9.9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg during hypocapnia. In contrast, effective downstream pressure increased from 13.7 +/- 9.6 mm Hg to 23.4 +/- 8.6 mm Hg and exceeded intracranial pressure at hypocapnic PaCO2 levels. Our results demonstrate that, in the absence of intracranial hypertension, intracranial pressure does not necessarily represent the effective downstream pressure of the cerebral circulation. Instead, the tone of cerebral resistance vessels seems to determine effective downstream pressure. This suggests a modified model of the cerebral circulation based on the existence of two Starling resistors in a series connection
Oregon statewide status and trends report
No full textChapter 1-3. Introduction and Methods -- Chapter 4-5. Results and Citations -- Appendix A. Black Rock Desert-Humboldt -- Appendix B. Columbia River -- Appendix C. Deschutes -- Appendix D. Goose Lake -- Appendix E. Grande Ronde -- Appendix F. John Day -- Appendix G. Klamath -- Appendix H. Malheur -- Appendix I. Mid Coast -- Appendix J. Middle-Columbia-Hood -- Appendix K. North Coast-Lower Columbia -- Appendix L. Oregon Closed Basins -- Appendix M. Owyhee -- Appendix N. Powder-Burnt -- Appendix O. Rogue -- Appendix P. Sandy -- Appendix Q. Snake River -- Appendix R. South Coast -- Appendix S. Umatilla-Walla Walla-Willow -- Appendix T. Umpqua -- Appendix U. Willamette.prepared by: Colin Donald, Yuan Grund, and Ryan Michie.Title from PDF cover (viewed on October 27, 2020).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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