1,721,002 research outputs found
Papers from the British Academy Lucy to Language: Archaeology of the Social Brain. Seminar Series on Palaeolithic Visual Display.
No full textContentsThe Importance of Conveying Visual Information in Acheulean Society. The Background to the Visual Display HypothesisDr John McNabb, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins (CAHO), Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BF, [email protected] Identity Model: a theory to access visual display and hominin cognition within the PalaeolithicJames Cole, Centre for the Archaeology of Human Origins (CAHO), Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BF, [email protected] Tool Production, Neural Integration and the Social BrainDerek Hodgson, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, [email protected] Phylogeny and Ontogeny in Hominin Brain EvolutionFiona Coward, Department of Geography Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, [email protected] Grove, School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, G.09 HartleyBuilding, Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GS, [email protected]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cultural diversity, population structure, and habitability during the eastern African Middle Stone Age
Full text linkAlthough it was originally thought that our own species, Homo sapiens, evolved from a single population in Africa, patterns of diversity in fossil, archaeological, and genetic data now suggest a much more structured and reticulate process in response to varying environmental conditions through time. This thesis provides an investigation of environmentally driven population dynamics during the Middle Stone Age in a case study region of eastern Africa. A variety of complementary quantitative methods are applied to identify the impacts of habitat fluctuation on cultural diversity during this key period when our species first emerges in the record. Specifically, complex shape analyses of Middle Stone Age points, an (albeit imperfect) archaeological proxy for group identity, are used to test the predictions of group interaction from a climatically driven model of habitation that maps how conditions conducive to early human habitation fluctuated through time and space. This model delineates the changing areas of potential human occupation across Africa and the potential corridors between them, which are correlated with patterns of similarity and difference in the archaeological data. To collect the archaeological data during the COVID-19 pandemic, a scientifically robust collaborative data collection framework was developed to facilitate remote access to African museum collections, involving an equitable and cooperative approach to data generation.
The results indicate that eastern African Middle Stone Age populations occupied diverse landscapes, with precipitation and access to water vital for determining site locations and corridors between them, as well as having significant influences over cultural diversity at both the assemblage and artefact-level. Almost half of the variance in point shape is found to be explained by spatial, temporal, and environmental autocorrelation, potentially suggesting stable cultural transmission throughout the region, though a large proportion of unexplained variance can be linked to stylistic variability between individual assemblages. The suitability of the environment that a population is situated within appears to condition point shape diversity to an extent, with interesting patterns of variance between assemblages observed considering the speculative dispersal routes between sites. Overall, complex modelling approaches, such as the one taken in this thesis, are needed to explain the ever-richer African record, will help develop new anthropological and archaeological theory and methods for understanding past population structure, and will advance our knowledge of the effects of climate change on human evolution
Identifying late Pleistocene and Holocene refugia for baboons
Full text linkClimate change has the scope to significantly modulate the distribution of floral and faunal taxa, with those regions persistently suitable to a population through the largest environmental perturbations termed “refugia”. Within Africa, focus has been placed on forest refugia during glacial cycles as hotspots of biodiversity, whilst refugia for savannah species have been overlooked. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of baboon occurrences and fitted species distribution model ensembles to predict the present potential habitable range of each species and the genus as a whole. We then hindcasted these models to palaeoclimate reconstructions spanning the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in 1-thousand-year time steps to predict potentially habitable ranges throughout a full interglacial-glacial cycle. Our results indicate a substantial mosaic of refugia in the eastern African Rift Valley system, a discrete refugium in southern and south-western Africa, as well as isolated refugia across western Africa and Arabia. Orbital precession and obliquity both play a role in driving maxima and minima or predicted habitable ranges for alternate baboon species, but these appear expressed within ca. 100 thousand-year eccentricity cycles. This supports the use of full interglacial-glacial cycles, rather than simply comparing peak glacial and interglacial conditions, to determine the presence of refugia
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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