1,721,004 research outputs found
The influence of leisure activities and musical experience on pre- and post-trauma trajectories
No full textAprès une exposition traumatique, la littérature rapporte que les personnes souffrant de Trouble de Stress Post-Traumatique (TSPT) réduisent généralement leurs activités de loisirs alors que de plus en plus de travaux soulignent l’importance de ces activités pour leur rôle protecteur. Cependant, peu de travaux étudient les activités de loisirs des personnes exposées à un événement traumatique sans TSPT, la place de la musique lorsque le traumatisme est associé à un contexte musical, ni l’intérêt de l’expérience musicale durant la période pré-traumatique. Ce travail de thèse est réalisé dans le cadre du « Programme 13-Novembre », auprès d’une population ayant été exposée aux attentats terroristes du 13 novembre 2015 à Paris. Il s’articule autour de trois objectifs principaux : (1) préciser la nature, les modifications et l’influence des activités artistiques et de loisirs chez des personnes exposées à un événement traumatique, (2) déterminer plus spécifiquement la place de la pratique musicale lorsqu’un événement traumatique se déroule dans un contexte musical (un concert) et (3) investiguer les différences neuroanatomiques et comportementales entre un musicien expert avec TSPT et des non-musiciens après une exposition traumatique. Nos résultats montrent que dans la grande majorité des cas, le type d’activité de loisirs des participants ayant développé un TSPT ne différait pas de celui des participants résilients. De plus, ce travail suggère un rôle protecteur de la pratique musicale, même dans le contexte très particulier où le traumatisme est lié à la musique. Enfin, l’étude de cas réalisée auprès d’un musicien expert exposé permet d’envisager l’existence d’un bénéfice de la pratique musicale sur ses stratégies de résolution de problèmes et de pensée positive ainsi que sur le volume de son hippocampe gauche. Ce travail de thèse contribue à une meilleure connaissance de l’engagement spontané dans des activités de loisirs après une exposition traumatique, et permet de préciser l’intérêt d’exercer des activités de loisirs avant et après une exposition traumatique dans une perspective de protection et/ou d’évolution de l’état clinique des personnes soumises à un évènement traumatique.Following traumatic exposure, the literature reports that people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) generally reduce their leisure activities, while a growing body of research highlights the importance of these activities for their protective role. However, few studies have examined the leisure activities of people exposed to a traumatic event without PTSD, the role of music when the trauma is associated with a musical context, or the value of musical experience during the pre-trauma period. This thesis work is being carried out as part of the ‘13-November Programme’, with a population that was exposed to the terrorist attacks of 13 November 2015 in Paris. It has three main objectives: (1) to clarify the nature, modifications and influence of artistic and leisure activities in people exposed to a traumatic event, (2) to determine more specifically the place of musical practice when a traumatic event takes place in a musical context (a concert) and (3) to investigate the neuroanatomical and behavioral differences between an expert musician with PTSD and non-musicians after traumatic exposure. Our results show that in the vast majority of cases, the type of leisure activity of participants who developed PTSD did not differ from that of resilient participants. Furthermore, this work suggests a protective role for musical practice, even in the very specific context where the trauma is music-related. Finally, the case study carried out with an exposed expert musician suggests the existence of a benefit of musical practice on his problem-solving and positive-thinking strategies, as well as on the volume of his left hippocampus. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of spontaneous engagement in leisure activities after traumatic exposure, and helps to clarify the benefits of engaging in leisure activities before and after traumatic exposure in terms of protecting and/or improving the clinical condition of people subjected to a traumatic event
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Revealing preserved learning capacities of people with Alzheimer’s disease at a moderate to severe stage using art : changing the way we look to change the way we care
Get PDFLa maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) est considérée depuis plus de 30 ans comme une pathologie de la mémoire empêchant l’apprentissage d’informations nouvelles en mémoire déclarative. Cependant, l’Histoire de la neuropsychologie rapporte des cas de patients présentant des capacités d’encodage résiduelles malgré une amnésie non-dégénérative avec des lésions pourtant proches de celles de la MA. Si les tâches de laboratoire échouent à montrer ces capacités dans la MA dès les stades légers en utilisant des stimuli verbaux et picturaux neutres, nous avons étudié dans quelle mesure la musique et d’autres types de stimuli artistiques peuvent permettre de les révéler dans des conditions plus écologiques, notamment par l’exposition passive répétée. En utilisant une échelle d’apprentissage construite pour étudier l’évolution du sentiment de familiarité dans la MA, nous avons pu révéler et décrire des apprentissages nouveaux chez ces patients à des stades modérés à sévères, ainsi qu’en inférer la nature au regard des modèles de mémoire classiques et contemporains. Pour finir, nous proposons de discuter en quoi la prise en compte de ces capacités pourrait changer les représentations associées à la MA, et améliorer l’accompagnement proposé aux patients et à leurs aidants familiaux et professionnels.For the past 30 years, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been considered as a crippling memory disorder impairing any possibility of new learnings in declarative memory. However, in the history of neuropsychology, cases of residual encoding have been reported with amnestic patients presenting different etiologies despite showing lesions very similar to AD. Although using neutral verbal and pictural items in laboratory settings failed to report preserved learning capacities from the mild stages, we investigated how using music and other artistic items in ecological settings may reveal these capacities in AD patients at a moderate to late stage, notably by passive repeated exposition. By relying on a behavioral scale designed to study the evolution of the sense of familiarity in these patients, we were able to show and describe new learnings in this population, and inferring their nature in view of both classical and contemporary memory models. Finally, we offer suggestions to discuss how acknowledging these capacities could change the way AD is perceived, and how it could help caring for people affected by it and their familial and professional caregivers
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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