1,720,991 research outputs found
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Focus on pharmaceutical and nutritional interventions
No full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked muscle disease resulting from a defect in the muscle membrane protein dystrophin.
The absence of dystrophin leads to muscle membrane fragility, muscle death (necrosis) and eventual replacement of skeletal
muscle by fat and fibrous connective tissue. Extensive muscle wasting and respiratory failure results in premature death often by the
early 20s. This short review evaluates drug and nutritional interventions designed to reduce the severity of muscular dystrophy, while
awaiting the outcome of research into therapies to correct the fundamental gene defect. Combinations of dietary supplementation
with amino-acids such as creatine, specific anti-inflammatory drugs and perhaps drugs that target ion channels might have immediate
realistic clinical benefits although rigorous research is required to determine optimal combinations of such interventions
Towards developing standard operating procedures for pre-clinical testing in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
No full textThis review discusses various issues to consider when developing standard operating procedures for preclinical
studies in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The review describes and
evaluates a wide range of techniques used to measure parameters of muscle pathology in mdx mice and
identifies some basic techniques that might comprise standardised approaches for evaluation. While the
central aim is to provide a basis for the development of standardised procedures to evaluate efficacy of a drug
or a therapeutic strategy, a further aim is to gain insight into pathophysiological mechanisms in order to
identify other therapeutic targets. The desired outcome is to enable easier and more rigorous comparison of
pre-clinical data from different laboratories around the world, in order to accelerate identification of the best
pre-clinical therapies in the mdx mouse that will fast-track translation into effective clinical treatments for
DMD
Delivery systems for maintenance training for the United States Army for the 21st century
Get PDFPlan BThe thesis paper on Delivery Systems for Training for the U.S. Army looked at various areas of delivery systems from the characteristics of the traditional classroom, web-based training, self-paced delivery methods, computer-based instruction (CBI), and video conferencing, which is often called Distance Education. It addressed the future use of delivery systems in Army Training. The Army has standards of training set by the Ordnance Center and School for Maintenance Training. The Army is in the process of updating the new training methods of maintenance training that will be implemented within the next year in the U.S. Army. The new Army Training System (TATS) courseware will enable all Maintenance Training Facilities to prepare our students and soldiers for the 21st century for maintaining the U.S. Army’s equipment. The Army School System (TASS) is a composite school system comprised of the Active Component (AC), Army Reserve National Guard (ARNG) and United States Army Reserve (USAR) institutional training systems. TASS, through the Army’s training proponents, provides standard training courses to America’s Army, focusing on three main points of effort—standards, efficiencies, and resources. The Army Training System (TATS) courseware is designed to train the same Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), Area Of Concentration (AOC), skill level or Additional Skill Identifier (ASI), Language Identifier Code (LIC), Skill Qualification Identifier (SQI), and Skill Identifier (SI) within the Army. The course ensures standardization by training all critical tasks to task performance standard. It may be trained at different sites and may involve use of different media/methods to train the various phases/modules/lessons. The courseware is a requirements document that provides a general description of The Army Training System course content, duration of instruction, and methods of instruction and media. It also lists critical tasks taught and resources required to conduct peacetime and mobilization training (United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, 26 May 2000)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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