1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Fifth Anniversary Essay Collection
No full textThis issue of the Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law and Ethics marks our fifth year of publication. Our anniversary is a time to celebrate, but also a time for reflection. The past half-decade has brought dramatic developments in medicine and health policy-from the debate over embryonic stem cell research to the intensification of global public health challenges to a major overhaul of Medicare. At the same time, we continue to wrestle with stark health disparities, enduring ethical dilemmas, and complex legal precedents.
To commemorate our fifth anniversary, we invited a number of distinguished scholars to survey the most important recent developments in health policy, law, and ethics and to project which health issues will be of particular importance in the years ahead. Their responses were all that we could have hoped for: an engaging catalogue of wrong turns and new beginnings, opportunities missed and opportunities seized, perils and possibilities, sources of consternation, aspiration, and inspiration. We hope you find this collection both informative and thought-provoking
E Pluribus UNOS: The National Organ Transplant Act and Its Postoperative Complications
No full textThanks to George Orwell\u27s dystopian novel, the year 1984 became a cultural reference point in Cold War America. When January of that iconic year finally arrived, Apple rolled out the Macintosh personal computer with an arresting Super Bowl advertisement, assuring viewers that 1984 won\u27t be like Nineteen Eighty-Four. As the introduction of new technologies generated excitement and apprehension in the mid-1980s, increasingly sophisticated organ transplantation practices seemed to embody the promise and the perils of medicine\u27s future. Orwell\u27s novel remains a cultural touchstone in the twenty-first century, having outlived its immediate political context, and the first Macintoshes, though today considered technological dinosaurs, ushered in the era of personal computing. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 (NOTA) likewise left a cultural imprint that would transcend its immediate historical context. The Act\u27s motives, its text, and even its name have largely receded from the public\u27s consciousness, to the extent that they ever were a part of that consciousness. The human organ allocation system that it spawned, however, supplies the news and entertainment media with a steady stream of inspirational stories, suspicious incidents, and ethical conundrums.
Amid a persistent scarcity of transplantable organs, salient aspects of organ allocation in the United States-patients waiting for transplantable organs, shocked next-of-kin being asked to consent to the donation of loved ones\u27 organs, institutional protocols for allocating available organs, and the ban on organ purchases--continue to draw academic and public scrutiny. Policyoriented scholars are increasingly revisiting established features of the NOTA system, especially the provision of NOTA that prohibits commerce in human organs, and proposing various modifications. But before this renewed critical interest can develop into an informed policy discussion, a more complete understanding of what NOTA was intended to do, and what it actually ordained, is needed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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