97,322 research outputs found
Transitioning from single-sector management to ecosystem-based management: What can marine protected areas offer?
No full textAge reading of Cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus): 1) comparison of thin-section and break-and-burn methods and 2) comparison of growth curve fits
No full textLeif K. Rasmuson, Lisa A. Kautzi, Lindsay Aylesworth, Megan N. Wilson, Kirsten Grorud-Colvert.Title from PDF title page (viewed on March 31, 2022).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 11-12).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Improving the performance of Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas
No full textThis project aims at improving the effectiveness of Mediterranean MPAs (conceiving MPAs as organizations). This overall goal will be achieved by 1) analyzing existing and new data, 2) carrying on an innovative ‘organizational analysis’ and 3) communicating MPA science. More in detail, a first phase will consist of collecting and analyzing the available data at Mediterranean scale on MPAs (existing data from publications and reports, and new data through fieldwork, especially at the MPAs where data are scanty or totally lacking) to make the point about their (mostly ecological) effectiveness. In a second phase, an ‘organizational analysis’ will be done on a number of MPAs to see which aspects of their management, governance and internal organization may affect their effectiveness
Joshua Davis: Author of Spare Parts
No full textCitation: K-State First (2016). Joshua Davis: Author of Spare Parts [Flier]. Manhattan, Kansas: K-State First.Flyer advertising Joshua Davis's author talk at Kansas State University
Steven Johnson Author Talk Poster
No full textK-State Book NetworkA poster advertising an author talk by Steven Johnson at Kansas State University on September 3, 2014. Steven Johnson's book "The Ghost Map" was the 2014-2015 common book
PISCO: Science of Marine Reserves: Meta-analysis: Global synthesis
No full textThis metadata record documents a meta-analysis study synthesizing all
peer-reviewed publications (published through 2006) measuring biological
variables (numerical density/abundance, biomass, individual size,
species richness) inside and outside of reserves and/or before and after
reserve implementation. Some of the results from this global synthesis
are presented in the Science of Marine Reserves publication, and more
detailed results and explanation can be found in the following
manuscript: Lester, S. E., B. S. Halpern, K. Grorud-Colvert, J.
Lubchenco, B. I. Ruttenberg, S. D. Gaines, S. Airame and R. R. Warner.
In review. Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global
synthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series
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Influence of Oceanography and Trophic Interactions on Growth and Survival in the Early Life Stages of a Nearshore Groundfish
No full textUnderstanding the patterns and drivers of population dynamics is a central goal of ecology, yet for many species the underlying processes and mechanisms remain elusive. Marine fish populations experience large interannual fluctuations in abundance that are notoriously difficult to predict, creating a challenge for fisheries managers and the human populations that depend on the sustainability of fishery resources. Exceptionally high mortality rates in early life result in critical periods where small changes in survival outcomes beget orders of magnitude of difference in adult population sizes. Growth and survival during early life stages hinge on individuals’ ability to find prey, escape predators, and avoid advection from suitable habitat in a highly variable and spatially heterogenous environment. Here, we couple long-term time series of larval and juvenile fishes, oceanographic conditions, prey and predator abundances, and laboratory analyses of otolith-based growth and diet to build a conceptual and quantitative framework of the settlement pathway of a nearshore groundfish and constituent of recreational and commercial fisheries, cabezon (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus). Because larval cabezon are obligatory inhabitants of the neuston layer and occur in the northern California Current (NCC), we were able to examine role of a unique nursery habitat in a seasonally variable upwelling environment. Our study period encompassed two marine heatwave (MHW) events, providing a window of insight into this species’ response to climate change driven ecosystem alterations. We found that larval cabezon maintained fast growth in a variety of temperature and upwelling conditions, suggesting that cabezon are flexible foragers and can maintain feeding success across a range of prey abundances, except when very low. This was corroborated in our diet study, where cabezon had diverse diets with a preference for large zooplankton at high trophic levels (e.g., late stage euphausiid larvae and amphipods). Larval cabezon growth was elevated when juvenile salmon abundances were greater, indicating that salmon are a selective predator, acting to remove slow-growing cabezon from the population. We identified two distinct cohorts of settling cabezon: a spring cohort that is spawned earlier, grows slower, is smaller-at-age, and spends more time in the plankton than the summer cohort, a pattern consistent across all five years in the study period. Having two cohorts with different early life history traits creates a portfolio effect in the cabezon population, whereby variability in settlement is significantly less than expected from a single homogenous population. This diversity offers cabezon flexibility to maintain settlement success in variable environments, which is likely a critical adaptation for inhabiting variable upwelling regimes and being preyed upon by a heterogenous group of piscivores that also exhibit early life history diversity. Together, our findings document the effects of oceanography (including MHWs) and trophic interactions and describe a multi-step settlement pathway for larval cabezon growth and settlement. Our findings significantly improve our understanding of the neuston as a nursery habitat, population replenishment processes in the NCC, and identify a source of population resilience (early life history diversity), which may lend insight to conservation and management approaches. Finally, this dissertation underscores the importance of long-term time series and the necessity of collaboration in understanding population dynamics and highlights a process to increase the success of future transdisciplinary efforts in ocean sciences
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Using The MPA Guide to Better Understand Global Marine Conservation Efforts
No full textAcross the globe, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established to protect biodiversity, sustain fisheries, and preserve cultural resources. However, there exist broad differences among MPAs with respect to their establishment stage and protective regulations, making it difficult to quantify how much ocean protection is actually occurring. This thesis utilizes the novel scoring system found in the soon-to-be-published MPA Guide to assess the world’s 25 largest MPAs, highlighting Stage of Establishment and Level of Protection to predict their conservation benefits. It was found that 27% of the assessed MPAs’ Stage of Establishment was Designated, with no active regulations on-the-water, while 47% were Implemented and 26% were Actively Managed. Current literature indicates that the magnitude of biodiversity outcomes expected of an MPA zone is directly related to its Level of Protection, and 24% of assessed MPA zones were Fully Protected, 24% Highly Protected, 10% Lightly Protected, 5% Minimally Protected, and 10% Incompatible with the Conservation of Nature. The remaining 27% of assessed zones were “Unknown,” as these were the MPAs with a “Designated” Stage of Establishment and rules and regulations are not yet final. The results emphasize the calls made by many ocean conservation experts to achieve the greatest conservation outcomes possible by implementing MPAs with Full to High Protection throughout the ocean
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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An Exploration of Climate Change, Conservation, and Cooperation, in Three Essays
No full textThe defining feature of our planet are the oceans, which make up 70% of the Earth’s surface. The importance of the ocean cannot be understated: 50% of oxygen originates from phytoplankton; heat is absorbed and redistributed by ocean currents; and hundreds of millions of people rely on the ocean for food, income, and wellbeing. Despite all of this, our relationship with the ocean – and the planet at-large – is in state of disarray. Unmitigated resource consumption – from overfishing and plastic pollution to the burning of fossil fuels – has altered Earth’s climatic system, leading to the widespread degradation of the ocean and an even starker future if the status quo remains. However, humanity has the capacity to cooperate at an unmatched scale and therein lies a potential solution to the challenge of climate change. This dissertation explores the intersection of anthropogenic climate change impacts to the oceans, conservation, and cooperation. Climate change is the culmination of a corrupted socio-environmental system (SES), where overconsumption and unsustainable resource extraction have overwhelmed our collective sense of stewardship. Importantly, the worst outcomes of climate change will be borne out by those least responsible. Despite the resilience of the status quo, there are examples of environmental governance frameworks oriented towards equity that we can integrate with what we know about climate change. I distilled this complexity into answering three research questions, each framing a discussion around how we, collectively, might respond to unfamiliar waters: 1) when, where, and to what extent will the oceans change due to climate change and, in particular, what does that mean for the longevity of large-scale marine conservation? 2) when the oceans are altered due to climate change, will analogous conditions exist and, if so, where will they be? 3) what governance frameworks, if any, exist that can help marine SES adapt to changing ocean conditions while addressing the long-ignored issue of equity
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