1,721,148 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Caractérisation de la photoréception non-visuelle chez l'homme
No full textChez l'homme, la lumière influence 1) les rythmes circadiens, 2) le cycle veille-sommeil, et 3) active les fonctions non-visuelles. La rétine qui reçoit et traite l’information lumineuse possède des caractéristiques uniques de sensibilité à la lumière qui dépendent de la longueur d'onde. Elle se compose de photorécepteurs visuels (cônes S-, M-, ou L-) présentant une sensibilité au bleu, vert, et rouge et des photorécepteurs non-visuels (les cellules ganglionnaires à mélanopsine, ipRGCs) sensible à 480nm. Peu d'études ont étudié l'impact de lumières colorées sur les fonctions non-visuelles. De telles études ont utilisées des lumières monochromatiques de longue durée, administrées après les horaires normaux de coucher, avec une pupille dilatée. Cela contraste avec l'exposition à la lumière ambiante. Comment celle-ci influence la dynamique des réponses non-visuelles et est-ce que leur intensité ou leur composition de couleur influe sur les rythmes circadiens n'est toujours pas élucidée.Nous avons étudié les effets d’une lumière polychromatique sur les dynamiques de l'activité corticale (EEG), le réflexe pupillaire, la suppression de la mélatonine, la fréquence cardiaque, la température et les performances neurocomportementales. 28 sujets hommes ont été exposés à 4 stimuli lumineux de 50 min, entre 19-2300 h. Les stimuli avaient une contribution mélanopique différente, mais une densité de photons identique de 10e14 photons/cm²/s. Cela nous a permis de disséquer les contributions relatives des photorécepteurs non-visuels/visuels dans les fonctions non-visuelles. Dans une seconde étude, les photorécepteurs et niveaux de lumière nécessaires pour 1) initier et saturer la suppression de la mélatonine et 2) les plages actives ont été calculés. Ces résultats ont des implications dans notre compréhension des effets d’une exposition à la lumière artificielle sur la veille et le sommeil et les troubles du rythme circadien tels que le syndrome du retard de phaseIn humans, light influences 1) circadian rhythms, 2) sleep-wake cycle, and 3)activate non-visual functions. While white bright light studies provide insight on the effect of light per se, the retina consists of visual photoreceptors (S-M-L cones) exhibiting sensitivity in blue, green, red colour range and non-visual photoreceptors (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs) most sensitive at 480nm. Few studies investigated the impact of coloured light corresponding to the different photoreceptors on light-dependent physiology. Such studies employed long duration monochromatic light, administered past normal bedtimes, after pupil dilator application. This contrasts with real-life light exposure. Furthermore, the link between light, non-visual responses and sleep-wake cycle has not been dynamically assessed. How ambient light influences the kinetics of non-visual responses and whether their intensity or colour impacts circadian rhythms is still unclear.We investigated polychromatic light exposure on the kinetics of cortical activity (EEG), pupillary light reflex, melatonin suppression, heart rate, temperature and neurobehavioral performances in humans. In a first study, 28 males were exposed to 4 light pulses of 50 min each from 19-2300 h. Light pulses had different melanopic contribution but identical photon density of 1014 photons/cm²/s. This allowed us to dissect relative contributions of non-visual/visual photoreceptors on light-dependent physiology and wakefulness markers. In a second study, we determined the sensitivity and thresholds of nocturnal melatonin suppression by light and the photoreceptors involved. Light levels needed to 1) initiate suppression, 2) saturation and 3) the active ranges were calculated. These findings have implications in our understanding of artificial light exposure on the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythm disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorde
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Importance of sleep and biological rhythms in health: are they involved in alternating hemiplegia?
No full textInternational audienc
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