1,720,958 research outputs found
Editorial: personalised multimodal prehabilitation in cancer
No full textMultimodality prehabilitation is a complex intervention that can enhance fitness, nutrition, and psychological resilience, with emerging evidence showing an improvement in perioperative and oncological outcomes (1). Personalised prehabilitation also has the potential to meet the widely adopted triple aim of health care: improving individuals’ experience of care, improving population health, and providing value for money to the taxpayer (2). The contemporary prehabilitation model has adopted a multimodal approach, which attempts to address complex needs in patients having complex treatment pathways. Multimodal prehabilitation incorporates intervention components specifically selected for their potential synergistic effects on health outcomes. Prehabilitation enables people with cancer prepare for treatment through promoting healthy behaviours and through needs-based prescribing of exercise, nutrition, and psychological interventions, aiming to empower patients to maximise resilience to treatment and improve long-term health outcomes (3). In this Research Topic entitled ‘Personalised Multimodal Prehabilitation in Cancer’ a collection of articles demonstrate how prehabilitation is now regarded as an integral part of a continuum spanning from cancer diagnosis to rehabilitation
Expression of cell-surface activation markers on human CD15<sup>+</sup> cells after selected non esterified fatty acid supplementations
No full textBackground: Cell surface marker (CD) expressions and membrane lipid changes characterise circulating neutrophil transmigration into inflammation sites. Specific CD expressions mandate neutrophil activation. Lipid changes alter membrane fluidity, deformability, cell spreading and transmigration. Circulating neutrophil, predominantly CD15 positive (CD15+), recruitment to the lungs and activation is a crucial innate immune response in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) pathology. During transmigration, their membrane lipids rapidly acquire significant whole cell arachidonic acid enrichment. The source of arachidonate is unclear but neutrophils incorporate non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) from their microenvironment, adjusting cellular fatty acyl-CoA pools. We hypothesised that inflammation-associated, specific NEFA incorporation(s) into neutrophil membrane lipids mandate activation. We evaluated patterns of synthesis, composition and turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC), alongside transmigration markers, following NEFA supplementations of freshly isolated human CD15+ cells. Methods: CD15+ cells were collected from venous blood samples of 5 healthy volunteers using the autoMACS system with CD15+ microbeads. Isolated CD15+ cells were incubated for 3 h with methyl-D9-choline chloride. NEFA supplements were added separately or in combination. Modified Bligh and Dyer lipid extracts were analysed by mass spectrometry. Unlabelled PC composition was determined by precursor scans of the m/z + 184 and the deuteriated m/z + 193 fragment was used to report newly synthesised methyl-D9-choline labelled PC. Results: Four NEFAs were chosen, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid and arachidonic acid. All supplementations downregulated CD62L expression and increased expressions of CD11a and CD11b, hallmarks of activation. Membrane PC composition consisted of di-acyl species (59%) and alkylacyl PC species (41%), primary PC being PC34:1. Incorporation of methyl-D9-into polyunsaturated PC species was consistently elevated compared with endogenous composition. NEFA supplementations did not change bulk endogenous PC composition. There was lower fractional methyl-D9 enrichment with oleic acid compared to other NEFAs and the fractional enrichment varied between individual species. Conclusions: CD15+ microenvironmental exposure to every NEFA investigated resulted in expression of cellular activation markers. NEFA-defined changes in synthesis patterns of individual molecular species of membrane PC were consistent with membrane fluidity changes facilitating recruitment of activation markers and transmigration. Data suggest that altered neutrophil exposure to NEFA in vivo may potentially regulate their immune response.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Intensive care physicians' perceptions of the diagnosis & management of patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure associated with COVID-19: A UK based survey.
Full text linkBackground: Whilst the management of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has evolved in response to the emerging data, treating such patients remains a challenge, and many treatments lack robust clinical evidence. We conducted a survey to evaluate Intensive Care Unit (ICU) management of COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure and compared the results with data from a similar survey focusing on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that was conducted in 2013. Methods: The questionnaire was refined from a previous survey of ARDS-related clinical practice using an online electronic survey engine (Survey Monkey®) and all UK intensivists were encouraged to participate. The survey was conducted between 16/05/2020 and 17/06/2020. Results: There were 137 responses from 89 UK centres. Non-invasive ventilation was commonly used in the form of CPAP. The primary ventilation strategy was the ARDSnet protocol, with 63% deviating from its PEEP recommendations. Similar to our previous ARDS survey, most allowed permissive targets for hypoxia (94%), hypercapnia (55%) and pH (94%). The routine use of antibiotics was common, and corticosteroids were frequently used, usually in the context of a clinical trial (45%). Late tracheostomy (>7 days) was preferred (92%). Routine follow-up was offered by 66% with few centres providing routine dedicated rehabilitation programmes following discharge. Compared to the ARDS survey, there is an increased use of neuromuscular agents, APRV ventilation and improved provision of rehabilitation services. Conclusions: Similar to our previous ARDS survey, this survey highlights variations in the management strategies used for patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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