1,721,161 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Endotoxemia and glucose homeostasis
No full textLes lipopolysaccharides sont des molécules présentes à la surface des bactéries Gram(-). Dans certaines situations, ces molécules se retrouvent dans la circulation sanguine et induisent une réponse inflammatoire. Quelle que soit l’intensité de la réponse initiée par les LPS, de profondes perturbations métaboliques vont avoir lieu. Le métabolisme glucidique est particulièrement affecté. Chez l’homme, en cas d’infection sévère, telle que le sepsis, le contrôle strict de l’hyperglycémie induite par les LPS via une insulinothérapie est le sujet d’actives recherches de la communauté scientifique et médicale. Par ailleurs, ces dernières années, est apparue la notion d’endotoxémie métabolique, réliée en partie à des régimes alimentaires riches en graisses. Les LPS seraient l’un des nombreux facteurs impliqués dans l’étiologie des maladies métaboliques. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié la réponse de l’organisme au glucose dans le cas d’endotoxémie expérimentale contrôlée. Exclusivement basée sur l’étude de différents modèles animaux, notre approche expérimentale a permis de montrer que l’administration aigüe ou continue de LPS, induisait une augmentation de la sécrétion d’insuline stimulée par le glucose ainsi qu’une augmentation de la clairance du glucose. Enfin, cette augmentation de sécrétion d’insuline était due à une augmentation des taux circulants de glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1) et que le récepteur au GLP-1 était impliqué dans cette réponse. Elucider les mécanismes moléculaires à l’origine de la perturbation du métabolisme glucidique en réponse aux LPS permettra de mieux appréhender les conséquences physiologiques et pathologiques induites par ces molécules.Lipopolysacharrides are molecules present on the surface of Gram (-) bacteria. In some situations, these molecules enter in the bloodstream. They induce an inflammatory reaction. Whatever the intensity of the response initiated by LPS, profound metabolic disturbances will take place. Carbohydrate metabolism is particularly affected. In humans, in cases of severe infection, such as sepsis, the strict control of LPS-induced hyperglycemia by insulin therapy is the subject of active research by the scientific and medical community. In addition, recent years have seen emerge the concept of metabolic endotoxemia, partly due to increased plasma concentrations of LPS as a result of high fat diets. These LPS molecules could be one of the many factors involved in the etiology of metabolic diseases. In this context, we investigated the glucose response during different experimental endotoxemia. Exclusively based on the study of various animal models, our experimental approach allowed us to demonstrate that the acute injection or continuous infusion of LPS, was accompanied by an increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion associated with an increase of glucose disposal. We also demonstrated that this enhanced insulin secretion was due to an increase in circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and that theGLP-1 receptor was involved in this response. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption of glucose metabolism in response to LPS will enhance our understanding of the physiological and pathological consequences of these molecules
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Lipopolysaccharides and glucagon-like peptide 1 : from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiology
No full textLa prévalence de l’obésité et du diabète de type 2 évolue de façon épidémique. Ces pathologies sont caractérisées par un état inflammatoire à bas bruit dont l’origine moléculaire est inconnue. L’une des pistes qui émerge concerne le microbiote intestinal et plus particulièrement des molécules pro-inflammatoires présentes à la surface des bactéries Gram(-) : les lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Nous avons récemment montré que ces LPS augmentent les taux circulants de glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), une hormone connue pour stimuler la sécrétion d'insuline. Par ailleurs, un lien existerait entre qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation et taux de LPS sanguins. Ainsi, alimentation, LPS et GLP-1 pourraient être liés. Ces travaux de thèse portent sur i) les mécanismes moléculaires reliant LPS et GLP-1 et ii) les conséquences physiopathologiques d’une endotoxémie expérimentale lors d’un régime obésogène. Nous montrons, in vitro, ex vivo et in vivo, que les LPS stimulent la sécrétion de GLP-1 par les cellules entéroendocrines via un mécanisme TLR4-dépendant. Les LPS présents dans l’intestin déclenchent cette sécrétion lors de situations pathologiques de dégradation de la muqueuse, faisant du GLP-1 un potentiel marqueur précoce d’altération de la barrière intestinale. Chez des souris sauvages, une endotoxémie expérimentale n’aggrave pas les conséquences métaboliques généralement observées lors d’un régime obésogène, certains paramètres sont même améliorés. Enfin, des souris présentant un défaut de détoxification des LPS nourries avec un régime obésogène prennent plus de masse corporelle que les souris contrôles. Les origines moléculaires de ces différences sont également recherchées.Obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic diseases which have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. These metabolic disorders are related to a low grade inflammation whose molecular origin is still unknown. Previous studies have highlighted the involvement of the gut microbiota and especially components of the cell wall of Gram(-) bacteria: lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We have recently shown that LPS enhance glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plasma levels, a hormone which is known to stimulate insulin secretion. Moreover there would be a link between the nutritional qualities of food and LPS plasma levels. Thus diet, LPS and GLP-1 may be closely related. The present work focuses on i) the molecular mechanisms linking LPS to GLP-1 and ii) the pathophysiological consequences of an experimental endotoxemia under obesogenic diet conditions. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments highlight LPS as potent secretagogues of GLP-1. They are able to induce GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine cells through a direct TLR4-dependent mechanism. Luminal LPS trigger GLP-1 secretion only under pathological conditions leading to intestinal mucosal damages. Therefore GLP-1 could be a promising early biomarker for diagnosing gut barrier injuries. Experimentally-induced endotoxemia in wild-type mice does not worsen the usually observed metabolic consequences of an obesogenic diet but rather seems to improve some of them. In addition, under high-fat diet, genetically-engineered mice with a defective LPS detoxification process gain more weight than control mice. The purpose of this thesis is also to disentangle the molecular explanation behind this difference
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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