89,485 research outputs found
Subcellular localization of Gro central domain deletion variants.
No full text<p>(A–E) Third instar imaginal wing discs were stained with Myc antibodies (red) to detect Myc-tagged Gro and DAPI (blue) to stain DNA. Gro<sup>WT</sup> (A) and Gro<sup>ΔSP</sup> (D) localized exclusively to the nucleus. Gro<sup>ΔGP</sup> (B) localized exclusively to the cytoplasm. Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> (C) localized primarily to the nucleus, but we also detected a low level of cytoplasmic localization and Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> (E) localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Wing disc images were obtained using a 100× objective. Scale bars = 10 µm. (F–J) <i>Drosophila</i> S2 cells were stained with FLAG antibodies (red) to detect FLAG-tagged Gro and DAPI (blue) to stain DNA. Gro<sup>WT</sup> (F) and Gro<sup>ΔSP</sup> (I) localized exclusively to the nucleus. Gro<sup>ΔGP</sup> (G) and Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> (J) localized exclusively to the cytoplasm. Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> (H) localized primarily to the nucleus. S2 cell images were obtained using a 100× objective. Scale bars = 5 µm.</p
Cuticle phenotypes resulting from overexpression of Gro variants.
No full text<p>The <i>Mat-Gal4</i> driver was used to drive maternal overexpression of the indicated Gro variants. (A–F) Representative cuticles resulting from overexpression of Gro variants. Cuticles images were obtained using a 10× objective. Scale bars = 100 µm (A) Embryos containing the driver but no UAS-Gro construct show no phenotype. Overexpression of Gro<sup>WT</sup> (B) and Gro<sup>ΔSP</sup> (E) resulted in moderate to severe cuticle defects. Overexpression of Gro<sup>ΔGP</sup> (C) resulted in no defects, while overexpression of Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> (D) resulted in a truncated or missing 4<sup>th</sup> or 6<sup>th</sup> abdominal denticle belt (indicted by arrow), a phenotype sometimes observed in weak <i>gro</i> hypomorphic embryos, and thus consistent with a weak dominant negative function for this deletion variant. Overexpression of Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> (F) often resulted in a pair-rule defect reminiscent of that seen in <i>eve</i> mutant embryos. This is consistent with the notion that Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> is a dominant negative, since Gro is required for Eve function <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030610#pone.0030610-Mannervik1" target="_blank">[35]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030610#pone.0030610-Kobayashi1" target="_blank">[61]</a>. (G) Cuticles of 100 embryos laid by females overexpressing each of the five Gro variants were assigned to the following phenotypic categories: Wild-type - no observable defects; Minor defects - 1–2 missing or fused denticle belts; Moderate defects - 3–4 missing and/or fused denticle belts; Severe defects - 5 or more missing denticle belts. (H) 100 embryos overexpressing each variant were scored to determine percent of embryos that deposited cuticle and that hatched.</p
On the distance of GRO J1655-40.
No full textInternational audienceAims.We challenge the accepted distance of 3.2 kpc of GRO J1655-40. We present VLT-UVES spectroscopic observations to estimate the absorption toward the source, and determine a maximum distance of GRO J1655-40. Methods: .We show that the accepted value of 3.2 kpc is taken for granted by many authors. We retrieved in the ESO archive UVES spectra taken in April 2004 when GRO J1655-40 was in quiescence to determine the spectral type of the secondary star. For the first time we build a flux-calibrated mean (UVES) spectrum of GRO J1655-40 and compare its observed flux to that of five nearby stars of similar spectral types. We strengthen our results with the traditional pair method, using published photometric data of the comparison stars. Results: .We show that the distance of 3.2 kpc is questionable. We determine a spectral type F6IV for the secondary star. We demonstrate in details that the distance of GRO J1655-40 must be smaller than 1.7 kpc. Conclusions: .The runaway black hole GRO J1655-40 could be associated with the open cluster NGC 6242 which is located at 1.0 ± 0.1 kpc from the Sun. At D ≤ 1.7 kpc the jets are not a superluminal, and GRO J1655-40 becomes one of the closest known black holes to the Sun
Characterization of Gro recruitment in S2 cells.
No full text<p>A) Venn diagram showing the relationship between biological replicates with the most aligned reads from ChIP using anti-Gro and ChIP using anti-GFP (to Gro-GFP) in S2 cells. B) Venn diagram illustrating the overlap of high confidence Gro ChIP peaks in Kc167 and S2 cell lines. C) Plot showing the position of Gro recruitment with respect to annotated transcripts in S2 cells. D) Histogram showing the frequency of peak widths (100 bp bins) of Gro binding sites in S2 cells. E) Centrimo analysis of Gro motif binding in S2 cells (Centrimo; <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004595#pgen.1004595-Bailey1" target="_blank">[30]</a>). F) Gene Ontology Analysis of genes associated with Gro peaks in S2 cells. Terms were selected by taking the most significant term (p value<10<sup>−4</sup>) in a cluster and the most significant unclustered terms generated from an analysis with DAVID <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004595#pgen.1004595-Huangda1" target="_blank">[67]</a>.</p
Eine imagin\ue4re Reise nach Jerusalem. Der <em>Geographische Traktat</em> des Erhart Gro f
No full textThe \u27Geographic Treatise\u27 (1436) by the Nuremberg Carthusian monk Erhart Gro
f describes in detail the route to the Holy Land. Gro
f compiled the information from scholarly literature and oral sources with the explicit aim to allow a mental pilgimage for those who cannot see the sacred places "with their bodily eyes". He develops an early form of "mental mapping" to help the reader visulise the places and their significance. This allows to assess the importance of the concept of \u27imaginatio\u27 for devotional literature. The appendix to the chapter presents the first edition of key passages of this seminal treatise which has the rare fortune to survive in an autograph copy
Latein in der Stadt. Die Septem Psalmi de sacramento eucharistie des Erhard Gro f
No full textThe use of the Latin language for literary discussions in late medieval towns is exemplified by the edition of seven psalms which were composed by the Cartusian monk Erhard Gro
f for the town clerk Johannes Vorster. On the background of the Hussites new understanding of the Eucharist, the psalms discuss what kind of theology is appropriate for lai-men
Wie groß sind die kleinen genetischen Risiken?
No full textWährend Familienstudien sich als sehr geeignet zeigen, um starke genetische Risikovarianten aufzuspüren, sind genomweite Assoziationsstudien mit nichtverwandten Personen besonders effizient in der Identifizierung von moderaten und schwachen genetischen Risiken bei multifaktoriellen Erkrankungen und erkrankungsrelevanten quantitativen Parametern. Hier wird dargestellt, wie das genetische Risiko für solch moderat bis schwach wirkende Varianten berechnet wird. An den Beispielen Adipositas, Diabetes und altersbedingte Makuladegeneration wird gezeigt, welche Modelle Anwendung finden und wie groß diese „kleinen“ genetischen Risiken sind
Central domains regulate Gro-mediated repression in the wing disc.
No full text<p>Clones of Gro variant overexpressing cells were generated in third instar wing discs contained the <i>vgQ-lacZ</i> reporter. Discs were stained with antibodies against CD2 (green) and β-galactosidase (red). Overexpression clones are marked by the absence of CD2. Arrows mark clones that overlap the <i>vg</i> expression domain. Gro<sup>WT</sup> clones (B) and Gro<sup>ΔSP</sup> clones (E), exhibited ectopic repression of <i>vgQ-lacZ</i>, while control clones (A), Gro<sup>ΔGP</sup> clones (C), and Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> clones (D) exhibited no repression of <i>vgQ-lacZ</i>. Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> clones (F) exhibited slight expansion of <i>vgQ-lacZ</i> into regions in which the reporter is not normally expressed. Clones containing a mixture of overexpressed Gro<sup>WT</sup> and Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> (G) show significantly reduced ectopic repression of <i>vgQ-lacZ</i>, relative to clones overexpressing Gro<sup>WT</sup> alone. Wing disc images were obtained using a 20× objective. Scale bars = 50 µm.</p
Phenotypes resulting from overexpression of Gro variants in the wing disc.
No full text<p>The <i>Ser-Gal4</i> driver was used to drive expression of Gro<sup>WT</sup> or Gro internal deletion variants in the wing. (A) A wing containing the driver but no UAS-Gro construct shows no phenotype. Overexpression of Gro<sup>WT</sup> (B) and Gro<sup>ΔSP</sup> (E) resulted in moderate to severe blistering and vein deformation. Overexpression of Gro<sup>ΔGP</sup> (C) resulted in no defects, while overexpression of Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> (D) resulted in bifurcation of the 4<sup>th</sup> and/or 5<sup>th</sup> longitudinal vein (LV, arrows). Overexpression of Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> (F) resulted in severe blistering and vein deformation as well as ectopic bristles along the wing vein (inset, yellow arrows). (G) 100 wings of each genotype were scored according to phenotype as indicated showing the differences in the relative severity of the phenotypes generated by overexpression of the various deletion variants. (H) Gro immunoblot of third instar wing discs verifies equal expression levels. Tubulin serves as a control for equal protein levels. (I) In addition to the blistering and wing veination defects, Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> and Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> Gro overexpression also resulted in 13% and 29% wing scalloping phenotypes (arrows). The severe defects in the Gro<sup>ΔCR</sup> overexpressing wings and the milder defects in the Gro<sup>ΔCcN</sup> overexpressing wings probably results from a dominant negative function for these variant as discussed in the text. The wing scalloping (J) and the ectopic wing bristles (F and I, indicated by arrows in the high magnification insets), both of which are reminiscent of a Notch pathway hypomorphic phenotypes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030610#pone.0030610-Hartenstein1" target="_blank">[49]</a>. Except for the high magnification insets in panels F and I, the wing images were obtained using a 4× objective. Scale bars = 400 µm. For the high magnification insets in panels F and I, the images were obtained using a 40× objective.</p
Optimal design of experiments with simulation models of nearly saturated queues
No full textexperimental design;simulation models;queueing network;regression analysis
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