1,720,973 research outputs found
Relation between defined daily doses (DDD) and prescribed daily doses: a 3-month analysis of outpatient data from a statutory health insurance company
No full textDefined daily doses (DDD) are used to analyse drug utilisation. For frequently prescribed drug groups, we studied to what extent the DDD correspond to the average prescribed daily doses (PDD)
Desensitization of insulin secretory response to imidazolines, tolbutamide, and quinine II. Electrophysiological and fluorimetric studies
No full textProlonged in vitro exposure (18 h) of pancreatic islets to insulin secretagogues that block ATP-dependent K+ channels (K-ATP channels). such as sulfonylureas. imidazolines, and quinine, induced a desensitization of insulin secretion (Rustenbeck et al., pages 1685-1694, this issue). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms. KATP channel activity, plasma membrane potential and the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) were measured in mouse single B-cells. In B-cells desensitized by phentolamine or quinine (100 muM each) KATP channel activity was virtually absent and could not be elicited by diazoxide. Desensitization by alinidine (100 muM) induced a marked reduction of KATP channel activity, which could be reversed by diazoxide, whereas exposure to idazoxan (100 muM) or tolbutamide (500 muM) had no lasting effect on K-ATP channel activity. Correspondingly. phentolamine, alinidine, and quinine-desensitized B-cells were markedly depolarized, whereas B-cells that had been exposed to tolbutamide or idazoxan had an unchanged resting membrane potential. The increase in [Ca2+](i) normally elicited by phentolamine and alinidine was suppressed after desensitization by these compounds., whereas the [Ca2+](i) increase by re-exposure to quinine was markedly reduced and that by tolbutamide only minimally affected as compared with control-cultured B-cells. The increase in [Ca2+](i) elicited by a K+ depolarization was diminished in secretagogue-pretreated B-cells. the extent depending on the secretagogue. This effect was closely correlated with the degree of depolarization after pretreatment with the respective secretagogue. In conclusion, the apparently uniform desensitization of secretion by K-ATP channel blockers is due to different effects at two stages located distally in the stimulus-secretion coupling: either at the stage of [Ca2+](i), regulation, where the increase is depressed as a consequence of a persistent depolarization (e.g. in the case of phentolamine or alinidine) and/or at the stage of exocytosis. which responds only weakly to substantial increases in [Ca2+](i) (in the case of tolbutamide). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc, All rights reserved
Differential modulation of insulin actions by dexamethasone: studies in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes
No full textBackground/Aims: Steroid diabetes is associated with hepatic insulin resistance; in hepatic cell models, however, mainly insulin-permissive effects have been described. Here we investigate modulation by dexamethasone of a larger number of insulin actions. Methods: Adult rat hepatocytes were cultured dexamethasone for 48 h; insulin actions were studied subsequently. Results: Stimulation of glycolysis by insulin but not by glucose required culture with dexamethasone. Activation of glycogen synthesis by insulin or glucose was strongly enhanced by dexamethasone, the insulin effects on glycogenolysis and amino acid uptake were not modulated. When dexamethasone was omitted from the culture, insulin was incapable to activate glycogen synthase, inactivate glycogen phosphorylase or elevate the level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Dexamethasone did not alter insulin binding, insulin receptor number or kinase activity, insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt protein expression/phosphorylation. Insulin-stimulated association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 was increased with dexamethasone, the increased association with IRS-2 may, at least partially, be explained by higher IRS-2 protein expression. Conclusions: The steroid does not cause hepatic resistance in vitro. The differential attenuation under steroid deprivation points to defects in branches of the insulin signal chain and/or loss of hormonal regulation at the level of target enzymes. (C) 2002 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
The effect of hospital stay on outpatient drug prescription - the evolution from analysis to patient centered care
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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