1,720,984 research outputs found
Transport infrastructures, environment impacts and tourists' welfare: a choice experiment to elicit tourist preferences in Siena–Italy
No full textTransport infrastructures have been investigated as drivers of tourist demand.
Specific attention has been devoted to air transport infrastructure and services.
However, the literature on this issue is scanty. Moreover, few studies focus on exante
valuation of tourists’ preferences for mobility systems. This study contributes
to this literature by presenting a case study on the re-organization of the mobility
system to access the city of Siena, Italy. A choice experiment is carried out to elicit
tourists’ preferences for distance, time, cost, travel mode, along with the
environmental impact of infrastructure. The latter factor turns out to be particularly
relevant in explaining tourists’ choices and welfare. Furthermore, the results appear
to be robust and not significantly dependent on design settings (specifically the
number of alternatives). While these results only refer to a single case study, they
seem to suggest that new transportation facilities do not necessarily cause an
increase in tourism flows
Social Participation and Safety Deprivation of Children in Italy: PIIGS Countries in Perspective
No full textGrilli G, D'Agostino A, Potsi A. Social Participation and Safety Deprivation of Children in Italy: PIIGS Countries in Perspective. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH. 2018;11(1):159-184.Poverty is multidimensional and this is even more true for children. Investigating multidimensional poverty among children is a significant task not only because of the importance of the problem itself, but also because childhood deprivation can lead to a higher risk of impoverished adulthood. Within this wide context, beyond monetary poverty we concentrate our attention on two specific domains, namely social affiliation and safety whose lack is an important factor in determining childhood social exclusion. The basic hypothesis is that there is some underlying factor (affiliation & social participation capability and community & environment capability) which is better captured by reviewing a range of single items of children's current situation. Taking advantage of the 2009 EU-SILC module on material deprivation, we address issues concerning the derivation and measurement of the latent factor through the use of an item response modelling (IRM) framework. Going beyond the measurement of those domains, this study aims to compare them across five members of the European Union (Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain) that became historically known as PIIGS countries during the economic recession in 2008. The analysis also aims to compare the impact that household characteristics have on these two social dimensions across countries. Findings show interesting similarities between these five countries
The role of choice experiments in natural capital accounting approaches: fast track versus simulated exchange value in the Deben Estuary saltmarshes
Full text linkNatural capital accounting requires exchange rather than welfare values, but lack of data and standards have encouraged practitioners to use different approaches (e.g. simple lookup table vs spatial modeling approaches). In this paper, we demonstrate how choice modeling data can provide simulated exchange values which are more robust than simple (fast track) valuation approaches for natural capital accounting. A survey of East of England residents collected the preferences for saltmarsh management and simulated exchange values, coherently linked with the ecosystem conditions. This approach is more informative for environmental local planning purposes. We claim that expanding the set of tools available for natural capital accounting can enhance management of ecosystem services and policy decision making
Could a mix of short-and long-term policies be the solution to tackle marine litter? Insights from a choice experiment in England and Ireland
Full text linkMarine litter is a problem impacting the coasts and seas of the whole world. Whilst an increasing number of studies investigate the effects of marine litter on public welfare, most of the research to date considers it as a component of coastal environmental quality. This study specifically examines the preferences and willingness to pay of English and Irish respondents towards the removal and prevention of marine litter, and the trade-off between different short-term (e.g., beach clean-up) and long-term (e.g., ban on single use plastic) policy actions. An online survey, including a choice experiment and behavioural questions, was used to quantify the welfare impacts of marine litter on the provision of recreation and cultural ecosystem services. We found that respondents are generally inclined to the implementation of a policy mix, with propensity for immediate action. Our results confirm the loss of societal benefits due to the presence of marine litter on beaches. The estimated marginal willingness to pay can be used to inform the design and assess costs and benefits of new local, national or supra-national mixed policies directed at reducing litter in the coastal and marine environment
The Determinants of Subjective Well-Being of Young Adults in Europe
No full textSubjective well-being (SWB) is a desirable goal for the society as a whole and in particular for young adults (i.e., those aged 18â34) who are a crucial segment of a population. Their importance emerges not only as citizens of contemporary society, but also as citizens of the future society both as participants in democracies and as constituents of the economic labour force. At the same time, young adults are a very vulnerable group that has been particularly affected by the economic downturn. Therefore, young adultsâ well-being is increasingly drawing the attention of European policymakers. This paper explores the determinants of SWB of young adults in Europe and examines especially the impact of institutional trust on the overall life satisfaction. Structural equation modelling was used to test main research hypotheses concerning the presence of a positive relation between level of trust and overall life satisfaction once psychological traits, evaluative indicators of specific aspects of life and the other individual characteristics are controlled for. Findings reveal interesting cross-country differences, providing useful policy implications
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Policy options to achieve culturally-aware and environmentally-sustainable tourism in Fiji
Full text linkIncreased visitation rates are expected to further impact ecosystems and local communities depending on them to generate income from tourism. We measure how different sustainable tourism management options of such areas in ways that respect the concept of vanua, the Fijian understanding of the connectiveness of the natural environment, humans and traditions, are perceived by a representative sample of potential visitors of the UK population. We then consider some plausible management options and how these may impact welfare. Results show that prospective UK respondents are willing to donate approximately £73 for a management option that enforces medium restrictions by local communities to enter coastal and marine areas in Fiji, so that vanua is respected. A management option that instead denies access to local communities is not seen favourably by prospective UK visitors to Fiji. In terms of time preference, UK respondents, in particular those with previous experiences of tropical areas, prefer environmental projects that restore and protect coastal and marine ecosystems to be completed as soon as possible. Our findings seem to support the introduction of more sustainable and community-based management practices in Fiji as they appear to increase welfare of visitors respecting local traditions and customs, as long as some access is provided to tourists. Donations from tourists or a change in tourism management from a traditional to a more sustainable practice may support the sustainable development of the local coastal communities in Fiji
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