1,721,021 research outputs found
Editorial: Agrobiodiversity, Community Participation, and Landscapes in Agroecology
Full text linkThe current model of conventional agriculture on the planet, originated in the so-called “Green Revolution” (GR), has generated positive and negative effects during its more than 80 years of application, starting in the 1940s. Among the negative effects are the accelerated loss of biodiversity and agrobiodiversity. Different alternative farming systems propose managing the agrobiodiversity of agroecosystems (farms) to face many of the problems generated on monoculture farms (e.g., soil and genetic erosion, emergence of genetic resistance in pests and weeds, as well as public health problems associated with the use of agrochemicals), which are characteristic of the current conventional model (Vandermeer and Perfecto, 2005; Pollan, 2007)
Transformation alimentaire du manioc = Cassava food processing
No full textLes racines et tubercules tropicaux constituent un domaine essentiel de l'économie agro-alimentaire des pays du Sud. Ils contribuent de manière significative à la satisfaction des besoins alimentaires de base des populations rurales et urbaines de ces pays. Mais confrontés à l'internationalisation des échanges commerciaux, les marchés des racines et tubercules tropicaux, mal organisés et mal structurés, subissent le contrecoup du retard accumulé depuis de nombreuses années par la recherche et le développement de ce secteur. Sorti de l'économie domestique de subsistance, l'éventail des produits disponibles sur les marchés reste insuffisant et l'irrégularité de leur qualité commerciale apparaît comme un facteur limitant essentiel à l'essor de la filière. Face à ce constat, l'auteur met en évidence l'intérêt d'un pilotage de la recherche par le marché de façon à : mieux répondre au défi de l'alimentation des villes, élargir l'espace commercial des produits actuels, proposer des produits nouveaux de qualité, adapter les systèmes de production aux attentes du marché. Il présente une démarche où le partenariat entre producteurs transformateurs et consommateurs guide la recherche-développement et privilégie l'approche marketing dans le processus d'innovation. (Résumé d'auteur
Agrobiodiversity, community participation and landscapes in agroecology
Full text linkMaintaining and managing agrobiodiversity is a key issue proposed by agroecology, not only to maintain high agricultural productivity, but also to increase the resilience, stability and sustainability of the agroecosystems, meant as the functional relationship between the natural assets and the human use of them, at farm and farm matrix scale.
The main hypothesis of this approach is that, the greater the interactions between organisms of different trophic levels (edaphic organisms, multiple crops, weed plants, herbivores, carnivores, plants in living fences, corridors or forest patches within agroecosystems), the greater will be the possibilities of obtaining abundant and varied harvests, with fewer external inputs (pesticides, fertilizers) and better environmental performance. The agrobiodiversity is meant as the variety and the disposition of the cultivations, pastures, farms, that affect the soil properties and create habitat diversity, landscape diversity and connectivity.
At the level of landscapes or territories, the set of biodiverse agroecosystems generate natural matrices that have a powerful impact on the recovery and restoration of forest corridors, which, in turn, positively influence many ecosystem services for nature conservation and free movement and recovery of many populations of animal species, including those in danger of extinction.
Ecological connectivity, a topic of special concern for conservation biology, is also positively affected by these biodiverse agroecosystems. In this sense, agroecology offers different tools to approach the landscape, expressed, for example, in the measurement of the main agroecological structure of the farms, which has been positioned as a form of dialogue with the ecology of the landscape. This dialogue between sciences gives ecological connectivity a complementary focus, because it makes peasants and farmers visible as the main actors of the territory
Use of a mucosal advancement flap for the treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a cat
No full textA three-and-a-half-year-old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a three-year history of stertor and intermittent open-mouth breathing. No airflow was detected from either nostril when checked using a cold slide test. Oropharyngeal swabs were positive for calicivirus, while skull radiographs were suggestive of a dorsal deviation of the soft palate. The diagnosis of nasopharyngeal stenosis was confirmed via cannulation of the nasal passages and direct examination of the oropharynx under general anaesthesia. A midline approach through the soft palate was used to excise the adhesions. The resulting defect was reconstructed by advancement of a mucosal flap elevated from the dorsal nasopharynx and laryngopharynx. The cat was free of clinical signs 28 months later
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
How can GIS support the evaluation and design of biodiverse agroecosystems and landscapes? Applying the Main Agroecological Structure to European agroecosystems
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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