693 research outputs found

    Griffiths, R.I.

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    Single frequency erbium fiber external cavity semiconductor laser

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    A novel external cavity configuration for stable single frequency operation of the semiconductor laser is demonstrated. By using an erbium doped fiber as the external cavity, longitudinal mode-hopping is suppressed, ensuring single frequency operation. Employing a 3m long fiber cavity, resolution-limited optical linewidths of a kHz are obtained.[This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing.

    Suitability of empirical equations for estimating permanent settlement of railway foundation materials subject to cyclic loading with principal stress rotation

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    This paper uses the results of a series of laboratory tests with cyclic principal stress rotation to assess the suitability of a number of empirical equations for estimating the development of plastic settlements in railway track foundations. The laboratory tests were carried out on three sand-clay mixes representative of railway track foundation materials, in both free-to-drain and undrained conditions. The results of a non-linear regression analysis demonstrate that the drainage conditions are the key factor affecting the estimation accuracy of the models, with the clay content playing a secondary role. The correlation coefficient was generally higher in free-to-drain than in undrained conditions, and reduced slightly with increasing clay content.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author

    Are world incomes converging?

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    Economic development ; Income ; Gross domestic product

    Arizona hunting and trapping regulations

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    This annual booklet includes season dates, bag limits, hunt types, open areas, rules, regulations, drawing application details, and other requirements for the hunting of most big game, small game, other wildlife, and trapping in Arizona. Big game species covered in this regulation includes deer (mule deer and white-tailed deer), fall turkey, fall javelina, bighorn sheep, fall buffalo, fall bear, and mountain lion.In 2013, this publication split into: Arizona hunting regulations http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26906, and: Arizona trapping regulations http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26912For spring hunting regulations supplement, see: Spring turkey, javelina, buffalo and bear: hunt draw information http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.2691

    Stakingen in Nederland: Arbeidersstrijd 1830-1995

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    Optical spectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+9

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    Phase-resolved medium-resolution VLT spectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+9 has revealed narrow C ill emission lines that move in phase relative to our new estimate of the ephemeris, and show a velocity amplitude of 230 +/not superset of 35 km s(-1). We identify the origin of these lines as coming from the surface of the donor star, thereby providing the first estimate of the mass function of f(M-1) >= 0.22 M-circle dot. Rotational broadening estimates together with assumptions for the mass donor give 0.07 <= q <= 0.35 and 182 <= K-2 <= 406 km s(-1). Despite a low-mass ratio, there is no evidence for a superhump in our data set. Doppler maps of GX 9+9 show the presence of a stream overflow, either in the form of material flowing downward along the accretion disc rim or in a similar fashion as occurs in high mass transfer rate cataclysmic variables known as the SW Sex stars. Finally, we note that the Bowen region in GX 9+9 is dominated by C in instead of N III emission as has been the case for most other X-ray binaries
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