1,721,247 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Strategic Fictions? John Buchan, The Times and the Ypres Salient
No full textJohn Buchan is widely known as an author of thrillers and adventure stories. His reputation as a writer of the First World War is much more limited and much more problematic. Both individually and as one of the collective of British writers who wrote in support of the nation’s wartime propaganda effort, Buchan has been subject to harsh criticism. Only recently has work by Kate Macdonald begun to trace the detail of Buchan’s war writing, which included reportage, fiction, poetry and history. As Macdonald has pointed out, Buchan’s reputation as an authority on the conflict, though high at the time, is ‘now routinely shredded’ (Macdonald 181). This chapter challenges that critical consensus, arguing that Buchan made a genuine effort to communicate the reality of the war and that he did so by use of techniques and strategies central to modern definitions of literary journalism. To condemn Buchan for the limitations of his war writing is to fail to grasp the conditions under which he worked. As John S. Bak has argued in relation to global literary journalism, ‘critiquing state-controlled presses for squashing unsavoury truths or spinning damning facts is to ignore the wider issue that, culturally speaking, we all just value truth and fact differently’ (5). The wartime valuation of truth and fact certainly differed from modern scholarly valuations. However, as Bak also suggests, the limitations imposed by war also stimulate the kind of experimentation with literary technique characteristic of literary journalism (6). Reading John Buchan’s May 1915 correspondence for The Times through the paradigm of literary journalism scholarship, this chapter argues that Buchan broke with existing journalistic traditions and experimented with literary strategies in order to connect his readers to the conflict
Recommended from our members
An Anglo-American Encounter in Africa: Henry M. Stanley in Abyssinia, 1868
No full textThis chapter aims to highlight an under-explored yet significant episode in Stanley’s career: the Abyssinian expedition was his first encounter with Africa. Stanley’s accounts of the expedition provide an informative record of the transatlantic competition and innovation that drove the transformation of journalism in the late 19th century. They also established a model for the reporting of imperial wars, in which trauma and vulnerability were emphasized in order to amplify the eventual triumph. I argue here that Stanley’s reports were at the leading edge of developments in journalism, both in stylistic and in narrative terms. As Stanley established his own voice, he also shaped the dominant mode of imperial reportage. His correspondence from Abyssinia must be understood in the context of “a revolution in journalism” in which a new emphasis on “human interest, visual matter, typographical boldness and rapid, speedy news coverage” emerged first in the United States press and shortly afterwards in British publications (James 191; Wiener, Americanization, 3–4). That emergent style of journalism was referred to – often pejoratively – as the Yellow Journalism in the United States and as the New Journalism in Britain. A high level of expenditure on special correspondents gathering and making sensational news was a major feature of the emerging style of journalism. Literary Journalism as it is understood today would not have been possible without these developments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Population genomics and phylogeography of a benthic coastal shark (Scyliorhinus canicula) using 2b-RAD single nucleotide polymorphisms
No full textThe existence of strong genetic structure is expected in species with limited ability to disperse and philopatric behaviour. These life-history traits are found in many small benthic elasmobranchs, such as in the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). However, no evidence of genetic structure was found across its northeastern Atlantic (NEA) range using traditional molecular markers. Here, fine-scale genetic differentiation was detected between the British Isles and southern Iberia using 2674 single nucleotide polymorphism loci generated using 2b-restriction site-associated DNA (2b-RAD). Geographical distance and historical demography were two major drivers shaping the distribution of genetic diversity of S. canicula along the NEA. Significant positive spatial autocorrelation of allelic frequencies was detected, with genetic differentiation generally increasing with geographical distance. However, marked genetic divergence of the Celtic Sea and South Portugal collections from their closest neighbours resulted in geographically constrained genetic breaks south of the British Isles and off southwestern Iberia. Historical demographic reconstruction of population pairs across these genetic breaks suggested a scenario of historical isolation before secondary contact, probably related to distinct northern and southern glacial refugia. These results provide new insights into the population structure of S. canicula along the NEA and serve as a reference for benthic elasmobranchs with similar distribution range
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
