1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Characterization of panglial gap junction networks in the thalamus and hippocampus reveals glial heterogeneity
Full text linkIncreasing evidence over the past decades revealed the importance of glia in the brain. In this study, astrocytes in the ventrobasal thalamus were characterized in detail for the first time. Glial heterogeneity was investigated by comparing their properties with those of astrocytes in the hippocampus, a brain region in which glial cells have been widely studied. During development, astrocytes establish gap junction channels with each other. In this study, the networks in the ventrobasal thalamus increased in size until the end of the second postnatal week. Cx30 expression was strongly upregulated during postnatal development and had a predominating role in glial network formation in the mature thalamus. Cx30 and Cx43, but not Cx26, mediated gap junction coupling in the hippocampus and thalamus. Strikingly, some astrocytes were devoid of Cx43. Expression of Cx43 in RG-like cells influences proliferation. The effect of two Cx43 mutations on network sizes were studied to identify the key function, gap junction coupling or adhesion, for proliferation. The function remained elusive. In summary, connexin expression differs among brain regions revealing glial heterogeneity throughout the brain. Tracer diffusion from astrocytes into the myelin sheath was observed in the ventrobasal thalamus. Such functional gap junction channels between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were so far unknown. In this study, a panglial network formed by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes was discovered in the hippocampus and the thalamus. Employing Cx30/47 DKO mice, a major impact of Cx30 on panglial network formation was observed in the thalamus. Cx30 and Cx47 do not form functional channelsin vitro. This leads to the conclusion that panglial coupling is mainly mediated by Cx30:Cx32 channels. Immunohistochemical analysis in PLP-GFP and Cx43-ECFP mice identified overlapping protein expression of "classical" markers in thalamic astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in contrast to hippocampal glia. S100β was the most reliable marker to distinguish astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the ventrobasal thalamus. Unexpectedly, an "intermediate" cell-type was identified co-expressing Cx43 and Olig2. It is a mature cell-type which is part of thalamic glial networks and has been described for the first time in this study. The functional role of panglial networks in metabolite supply to neurons was analysed in the present study. Glucose diffusion from astrocytes to oligodendrocytes was demonstrated in the thalamus employing the fluorescent glucose analogue 2-NBDG in PLP-GFP mice with SR101 labelled astrocytes. For further investigation of glia-neuron interactions, a method to analyse neuronal field potentials in the ventrobasal thalamus was established and characterized. Extracellular glucose deprivation abolished neuronal postsynaptic field potentials, thereby confirming the neuronal requirement of glial energy supply. In addition to connexin mediated gap junction channels, the expression of ionotropic AMPA and GABAA receptors was studied in thalamic astrocytes. In the juvenile thalamus, two astrocyte populations were distinguished by the presence or absence of AMPA receptor expression. The GluA2 subunit was abundantly expressed when AMPA receptors were expressed. All astrocytes expressed GABAA receptors. They were devoid of the α3 subunit and rarely expressed the γ2 subunit required for synaptic GABAA receptor localization. Instead, all cells expressed the γ1 subunit. These data indicate that glial heterogeneity occurs even within a given brain regions. The present study describes panglial networks in grey matter and their distinct properties among brain regions for the first time. In addition, glial heterogeneity was observed between and within brain regions and enhanced our understanding of glial specializations. In addition, a new "intermediate" cell-type was discovered which is abundantly present in the ventrobasal thalamus
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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