1,721,126 research outputs found
Optical Peregrine rogue waves of self-induced transparency in a resonant erbium-doped fiber
Full text linkThe resonant interaction of an optical field with two-level doping ions in a cryogenic
optical fiber is investigated within the framework of nonlinear Schrödinger and Maxwell-Bloch
equations. We present explicit fundamental rational rogue wave solutions in the context of
self-induced transparency for the coupled optical and matter waves. It is exhibited that the
optical wave component always features a typical Peregrine-like structure, while the matter waves
involve more complicated yet spatiotemporally balanced amplitude distribution. The existence
and stability of these rogue waves is then confirmed by numerical simulations, and they are shown
to be excited amid the onset of modulation instability. These solutions can also be extended,
using the same analytical framework, to include higher-order dispersive and nonlinear effects,
highlighting their universality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evolutionary algorithm for fiber laser in ultrashort pulse regime
No full textLe sujet de cette thèse se rapporte à la génération d’impulsions ultracourtes dans une cavité laser fibrée à travers l’optimisation automatique de ses paramètres par un algorithme d’évolution. L’intérêt pour cette problématique provient de la difficulté à explorer les dynamiques impulsionnelles de manière systématique dans un large domaine de paramètres expérimentaux. Nous avons montré que l’implémentation d’un algorithme d’évolution sur une cavité laser fibrée de ce type peut être réalisée, en prenant les précautions adéquates pour que cette association soit la plus efficace possible. Nous avons démontré expérimentalement pour la première fois le verrouillage de modes depuis la seule optimisation des contrôleurs de polarisation utilisant une procédure automatique d’auto-apprentissage. Nous avons démontré que la sélection du blocage de modes depuis son spectre radio-fréquence permet de sélectionner le taux de répétition desimpulsions à l’intérieur de la cavité. Ces résultats préliminaires démontrent les potentialités de notre méthode employée dans des situations de dynamique non linéaire ultrarapide de grande complexité, particulièrement sensibles aux paramètres.This thesis deals with the generation of ultrashort pulses within a fiber laser cavity through the automatic optimization of its parameters by an evolutionary algorithm. The interest of this subject comes from the difficulty to systematically explore dynamics in a large domain of experimental parameters. We have shown that it is possible to implement an evolutionary algorithm on fiber laser cavity with appropriate precautions. We have experimentally demonstrated for the first time the mode locking of a laser cavity only using the optimization of polarization controllers through an automatic and self-learning procedure. We also have demonstrated that selecting the mode locking from it radio-frequency spectrum allow to select the pulses repetition rate within the cavity. These preliminary results show the promising aspect of our method used in situations of non linear ultrafast dynamics with high complexity which are particularly sensitive to parameters
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dissipative optical structures in fiber laser cavity
No full textCette thèse concerne l'étude de la dynamique des structures optiques dissipatives observées dans une cavité à gestion de dispersion utilisant l'évolution non linéaire de la polarisation comme technique de blocage de modes. Nous avons montré expérimentalement l'existence d'une transition graduelle entre le régime de fonctionnement continu et le régime de fonctionnement multi-impulsionnel. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'état intermédiaire où il nous a été possible d'obtenir divers régimes inédits et d'étudier ainsi le comportement collectif des solitons dissipatifs en présence d'un fond continu. La dynamique de "la pluie de solitons" est une manifestation complexe et fascinante constituée de trois composantes de champ : le fond continu, les solitons de dérive et la phase condensée. Elle s'accompagne d'une circulation d'énergie à travers ces trois composantes. Le mouvement relatif des solitons de dérive ainsi que l'asymétrie temporelle présentent les caractéristiques majeures qui distinguent cette dynamique des autres. D'autres types d'auto-organisation ont été observés et étudiés, comme "le relargage des solitons de la phase condensée" ou bien encore "la vobulation du train de solitons". Nous nous sommes intéressés aussi à la propagation d'une seule impulsion dans la cavité. Pour la première fois, une importante dynamique de respiration spectrale a été prédite dans une cavité à gestion de la dispersion. Nous avons montré qu'une compression temporelle de l'impulsion est accompagnée d'un élargissement spectral d'une grande ampleur dans la partie passive de la cavité et que la largeur de l'impulsion peut dépasser la largeur de la bande passante du milieu amplificateur. Nous avons étudié la dynamique de la respiration spectrale, l'extraction et l'optimisation du signal laser en fonction des paramètres de la cavité et nous avons présenté les caractéristiques d'une cavité qui permet la génération d'une impulsion dont sa largeur spectrale est supérieure à la largeur de la bande passante de l'amplificateur d'un facteur de 2.4. Les dynamiques présentées dans cette thèse témoignent de la complexité et de la richesse de la dynamique dissipative des lasers à fibre fonctionnant en régime de blocage de modes passif par évolution non linéaire de la polarisation.This thesis presents a study of the nonlinear dissipative dynamics of localized of self organized structures in passively mode-locked fiber laser through nonlinear polarization evolution. We reveal the existence of a gradual transition from the quasi-cw to mode locked dynamics in the multi-pulsing regime. We emphasize on the intermediate state, where various new dynamics are observed. We study collective behaviors of dissipative solitons in the presence of a continuous background. One of the complex and attractive dynamics presented is the "soliton rain", which composed of three field components : continuous modes of background, drifting of solitons and condensed phase solitons. This dynamic appears when the energy flows through the three components. The relative motion of the drifting solitons and the temporal asymmetry present the major characteristics that distinguish this dynamic. Other types of self-organizations of solitons were observed and studied as the "release of the solitons from the condensed phase" and the "chirped trains with condensed soliton phase". We were also interested in the single pulse propagation. For the first time, an important dynamics of spectral breathing was predicted in a dispersion-managed cavity. We showed that pulse compression dynamics in the passive anomalous fiber can be accompanied by a significant enhancement of the spectral width and that the width of the pulse can exceed the amplifier bandwidth. We studied, the extraction and the optimization of the signal laser according to the parameters of the cavity and we presented the characteristics of a cavity delivering ultra short pulses with a spectral width exceeding the amplifier bandwidth by a factor of 2.4. The dynamics presented in this thesis show the complexity and variety of the dissipative dispersion-managed dynamics in fiber laser mode locked through nonlinear polarization evolution
Microfibres for nonlinear optics
No full textCe mémoire de thèse porte sur la fabrication, la caractérisation et l’utilisation de microfibres de verres en optique. Les microfibres sont des fibres optiques étirées à chaud par un procédé contrôlé en température et en contrainte, de manière à réduire leurs sections jusqu’à des valeurs inférieures à la longueur d’onde. Ces dimensions réduites confèrent aux microfibres des caractéristiques particulières, telles qu’un fort confinement du champ électromagnétique conduisant à une exaltation du coefficient non linéaire effectif ou une grande fraction de champ évanescent. Ces propriétés sont étudiées en première partie, puis les techniques expérimentales de fabrication et de manipulation de ces microfibres sont décrites. Dans un deuxième temps, les expériences cherchant à exploiter la grande non linéarité de ces microfibres sont présentées et interprétées. En particulier, on note la possibilité de générer un signal visible à partir d’une pompe à la longueur d’onde télécom par triplage de fréquence avec accord de phase. Afin d’obtenir des effets plus importants, l’opportunité de réaliser des microfibres en verres hautement non linéaires est discutée, ainsi que la faisabilité d’un laser basé sur des microfibres en verres dopés aux ions terres rares. Enfin, l’aspect champ évanescent est discuté dans le dernier chapitre, avec l’imagerie par microscopie en champ proche des microfibres.In this thesis, I present my works on the fabrication, the characterization and the use of optical microfibres. Microfibres are optical fibres drawn down to sub-wavelength diameters by a temperature controlled process. Due to their small dimensions, microfibers have very special properties such as a high confinement of the electromagnetic field, a enhanced non-linear coefficient and a large evanescent tail. These properties are studied in the first chapter, after which a description of the techniques used for the drawing and manipulation of the microfibres is given. Next, we present our experiments on non-linear effects in silica microfibres. In particular, we show that it is possible to generate green light with a pump at 1:55μm thanks to phase-matched third harmonic generation. In order to obtain higher efficiency in this field, the opportunity of drawing microfibres with highly non-linear glasses is discussed. A model of a microfibre laser using erbium doped tellurite glass is also presented. In the last chapter, microfibres are studied in the near field, with a scanning near field optical microscope, revealing the inner characteristics of the propagation in microfibres
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