1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Nutritional evaluation of oilseed press cakes in fish nutrition with emphasis on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.)
Get PDFFishmeal is a valuable, protein rich ingredient for fish feed. It is a source of highly digestible crude protein (CP) with a balanced amino acid (AA) profile, well digestible inorganic phosphorus (P), and a highly digestible energy content. However, its availability is decreasing owing to an increasing demand that is driven by the increased production of fish in feed-based production systems. Research has made great advances in counteracting the limited supply of fishmeal. As a result, the majority of dietary CP in fish feed is made available from oilseeds and their processed by-products. Despite the pre-existing research efforts, the continuous evaluation of feed ingredients in search for alternatives to fishmeal is key to facilitate a sustainable growth of feed-based fish production.
Oilseed press cake represents a widely available source of CP. While numerous studies have evaluated the nutritional value of press cake in fish feed, the majority focused on species reared in warmwater production systems. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to add to pre-existing knowledge on press cake and its potential to replace fishmeal in fish feed, with special emphasis on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.).
Initially the nutrient digestibility of various press cakes (linseed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower seed, and walnut kernel cake) was determined in rainbow trout. The press cakes differed greatly in their digestibility of crude nutrients, with CP digestibility ranging from as low as 25% (sunflower seed cake) up to 88% (pumpkin seed cake). Another digestibility experiment was conducted using rapeseed cake and sunflower seed cake whose fibre fractions were reduced using two different processing methods (sieving and dehulling of seeds prior to pressing). The fibre-reduced press cake of rapeseed and sunflower seed cake had a substantially higher CP digestibility than their unprocessed counterpart (Manuscript 1).
Three growth experiments were conducted to study the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal with press cake on performance traits of rainbow trout. In all growth experiments groups of rainbow trout were fed with either a basal diet or diets in which fishmeal CP was in part replaced by press cake based on its CP digestibility that was determined in the preceding digestibility experiments. It was found that the performance traits were influenced to a different extent in dependence of the press cake and their inclusion level. Pumpkin seed cake has been shown to have the highest potential to replace substantial amounts of fishmeal of the basal diet without significantly reducing performance traits of rainbow trout.
To investigate the potential utilisation of InsP-P and the formation of inositol phosphate isomers in fish two experiments were conducted. The single and interactive effects of a mineral P supplement (monoammonium phosphate; MAP; 1 g P/kg DM of diet) and an InsP6 hydrolysing enzyme (Aspergillus oryzae 6-phytase; 2800 FTU/kg DM diet) were compared between rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). For each species a digestibility experiment was conducted under common rearing conditions of each species but using the same four diets (basal diet, basal diet + MAP, basal diet + phytase, and basal diet + MAP + phytase).
The faecal disappearance of InsP6 was generally low (approximately 8%) but similar between the species when the diets were devoid of either supplement. The supplementation of phytase significantly increased InsP6 disappearance in both species, but the effect was found to be more pronounced in rainbow trout. The analysis of lower inositol phosphate isomers revealed that their hydrolysis progressed to a greater extent in rainbow trout and it suggested that InsP6 is subject to a different degradation pathway in the two species. While no significant interactive effects on InsP6 disappearance were found between the two supplements for either species, the MAP supplementation slightly decreased InsP6 disappearance in Atlantic salmon but not in rainbow trout. The experiments provide an insight into the breakdown of InsP6 and the faecal appearance of specific lower inositol phosphates and suggest that the use of press cake in feed for rainbow trout seems to be more beneficial than in feed for Atlantic salmon with regards to a more sustainable use of P resources. However, more experiments are recommended to complement these initial findings to gain a better understanding of InsP6 hydrolysis in fish.Fischmehl ist ein wertvoller Proteinträger für die Herstellung von Fischfuttermitteln. Es beinhaltet hochverdauliches Rohprotein (XP) mit einem ausgewogenen Aminosäuremuster (AS), gut verdaulichem anorganischen Phosphor (P) und hat einen hochverdaulichen Bruttoenergiegehalt. Durch den ansteigenden Bedarf von Fischfuttermitteln und stagnierenden Wildfangmengen sinkt jedoch die Verfügbarkeit des Fischmehls.
Dank intensiver Forschung wird bereits der größte Teil des benötigten XP in Fischfuttermitteln in Form von pflanzlichem XP von Ölsaaten und deren Koppelprodukten bereitgestellt. Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit war es, zusätzliche Daten über Presskuchen und deren Potenzial als Fischmehlsubstitut in Fischfuttermitteln für Regenbogenforellen (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) zu gewinnen.
Zunächst wurde die Nährstoffverdaulichkeit verschiedener Presskuchen (Lein-, Kürbiskern-, Raps-, Sonnenblumenkern-, Soja- und Walnusskernpresskuchen) in Regenbogenforellen bestimmt. Die XP-Verdaulichkeit der Presskuchen wies starke Unterschiede auf (Manuskript 1 und 2) und variierte von 25% (Sonnenblumenpresskuchen) bis zu 88% (Kürbiskernpresskuchen). Ferner wurde die Nährstoffverdaulichkeit von Presskuchen von Rapssaat und Sonnenblumenkernen, deren Faserfraktionen entweder durch Sieben der Presskuchen oder Schälen der Saat vor dem Pressen reduziert wurden, untersucht. Die faser-reduzierten Presskuchen von Rapssaat und Sonnenblumenkernen hatten eine deutlich höhere XP-Verdaulichkeit als die unbehandelten Presskuchen (Manuskript 1).
In drei Wachstumsversuchen wurde evaluiert inwiefern sich Presskuchen eignet Fischmehl in Futtermitteln für Regenbogenforellen zu ersetzen. Hierbei wurde der Fischmehlanteil in Basalrationen zu verschiedenen Anteilen mit verschiedenen Presskuchen, jeweils auf Basis der XP-Verdaulichkeit, ersetzt und erfasste Leistungsparameter der Fische miteinander verglichen. Die Effekte auf die Leistungsparameter hingen maßgeblich von den verwendeten Presskuchen und deren eingesetzter Konzentration ab. Kürbiskernpresskuchenprotein zeigte das Potenzial am meisten Fischmehlprotein zu ersetzen ohne die Leistungsparameter der Regenbogenforellen signifikant zu verringern.
In Pflanzensamen, und somit auch in Presskuchen, liegt P überwiegend in Form von Myo-Inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisdihydrogenphosphat; InsP6) oder dessen Salzen (Phytat) vor. Da InsP6 eine für Fische nur geringfügig hydrolysierbare Form von P ist, wird Futtermitteln mit hohen Anteilen pflanzlicher Komponenten gewöhnlich mineralischer P zugegeben, dessen Ressourcen jedoch begrenzt sind. Der Einsatz von Phytasen kann die InsP6-P Verfügbarkeit in Fischen erhöhen und somit die endlichen mineralischen P-Ressourcen entlasten. Um das Potenzial von InsP-P als P-Quelle und dessen Abbau in Fischen näher zu untersuchen wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt. Die Effekte und Interaktionen der Zulage eines mineralischen P-Supplements (Monoammoniumphosphat; MAP; 1 g P/kg TM) und eines InsP6-hydrolysierenden Enzyms (Aspergillus oryzae 6-Phytase; 2800 FTU/kg TM) wurden zwischen Regenbogenforellen und atlantischen Lachsen (Salmo salar) verglichen. Es wurde für jede Spezies ein Verdaulichkeitsversuch unter jeweils gewöhnlichen Haltungsbedingungen durchgeführt und dieselben vier Futtermittel (Basalration, Basalration + MAP, Basalration + Phytase und Basalration + MAP + Phytase) eingesetzt.
Der native Abbau des InsP6 war in beiden Fällen vergleichbar gering (ca. 8%). Die Zulage der Phytase erhöhte den InsP6-Abbau signifikant, in Regenbogenforellen jedoch zu einem höheren Ausmaß. Die Analyse der niederen Inositolphosphatisomere deutete auf unterschiedliche Abbauwege des InsP6 zwischen den Spezies hin. Ferner war der InsP6-Abbau in Regenbogenforellen weiter fortgeschritten als in atlantischen Lachsen. Es wurden in beiden Spezies keine signifikanten interaktiven Effekte der beiden Supplemente auf den InsP6-Abbau festgestellt. Die MAP-Zulage verringerte jedoch den InsP6 -Abbau bei atlantischen Lachsen leicht. Diese Versuche liefern erste Ergebnisse bezüglich des InsP6-Abbaus und der Formation niederer Inositolphosphatisomere im Kot von Fischen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Presskuchen, bezüglich der P-Verwertung, in Forellenfuttermitteln aussichtsreicher erscheint als in Futtermitteln für atlantische Lachse. Weitere Versuche müssen jedoch unternommen werden, um diese Ergebnisse zu ergänzen und den InsP6-Abbau in Fischen besser nachzuvollziehen
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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