1,720,992 research outputs found
Slaughter or sacrifice? : the religious rhetoric of blood sacrifice in the British and German armies, 1914-1919
Get PDFIn 1914 the language of sacrifice and redemption was everywhere. This thesis compares the responses of English Anglican and German Protestant military chaplains to the Great War (1914-1918). Instead of reconstructing their relationship with combatants, it reconstructs their mental worlds. Examining their diaries, sermons, letters, articles, and meditations,it traces their religious ideals of redemption through blood. It argues that chaplains on both sides of the front shared a moral language of redemptive sacrifice,articulating different permutations of the same idea. That moral language initially comprehended the war as an episode of salvation, correcting a crisis of modernity through sacred violence. War was interpreted as the culmination of the ‘social question,’the climax of the churches’ quest for community, social cohesion, the healing of class antagonism, the reclamation of the sacred. They proclaimed the war as a sacrament, a rite of purification that would purge modernity of its disorders, restore morality and renew piety. They commonly presumed a fallen, hedonistic and profane industrialised world, its social cohesion threatened by godless materialism, and its need for redemption. By blood the dead would purchase a cleansed, uplifted and redeemed society. Witnessing catastrophic bloodshed, the central moral problem for most chaplains was not high casualties alone. It was the threat that mass death would not morally and spiritually transform their societies. As the conflict escalated into attrition and stalemate, chaplains’ increasingly doubted whether war could be intrinsically redemptive, redefining the ideal as a duty of civilians to repay their blood-debt to the dead and justify the sacrifices of their compatriots. Because chaplains were implicated in mass death by virtue of their office,the ideal of redemption through war became more an obligation than perception, an ideal that must be pursued lest the sacrifices of soldier-martyrs be cheapened. Divergences and nuanced differences emerged that distinguished Anglican and Protestant perceptions of the moral and spiritual impact of the war. Intraconfessional divergences emerged, in England over the relationship with French Catholic iconography and patri-passionism, in Germany over the meaning of defeat and the legitimacy of the new political order it replaced the Wilhelmine constitution. However, the common moral language of redemptive sacrifice outweighs the confessional and national differences in their responses to mechanised slaughter
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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