1,721,090 research outputs found
Introduction: context and rationale for contemporary approaches to practice-based learning
No full textThis book brings together for the first time innovative, evidence-based approaches to practice-based learning in the allied health professions. It offers a diverse portfolio of placement models, designed to support the delivery of high-quality, real-world learning experiences for pre-registration learners. With a strong educational focus, the book provides practical strategies to enhance placement design and implementation for learners, practice educators and higher education institutions alike. Drawing on global case studies, the book illustrates how these models can be applied effectively across different settings. It is intended as a valuable resource for educators, practitioners and students seeking to shape impactful and sustainable placement experiences. This introductory chapter sets the scene by defining key concepts and clarifying the terminology used throughout the book. Given the varied and often interchangeable language in practice-based learning globally, consistent definitions are provided to ensure clarity. The chapter also considers the perspectives of key stakeholders – learners, educators and institutions – and explores what makes a good placement for each. Finally, we outline the structure of the book to guide readers in using this practical ‘how-to’ toolkit for allied health education.</p
Simulation and placements
No full textThis chapter addresses the broad topic of simulation-based education and models of placement. Simulation-based education is taken to include approaches that involve immersive learning experiences that replicate aspects of real life to facilitate authentic learning. Acknowledging the broad scope of simulation, this chapter includes considerations relevant to a range of simulation modalities such as mannequins and part-task trainers, role plays with or without moulage or masks, and virtual or augmented reality with or without the use of AI. Unique features of simulation-based education are highlighted, emphasising its learner-centred approach, design tailored to individual learners, equitable experiences and precise control over learning. Theoretical foundations that specifically apply to simulation design, content and debriefing are acknowledged. Considering the vast evidence base for simulation and placements, systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials and influential research and guidelines are highlighted. Design principles supporting simulation as a placement model are outlined, prompting consideration to the model’s flexibility and suitability for diverse purposes and promoting attention to the learner level, learning outcomes, resources and desired realism in design decisions. Finally, the chapter concludes with authentic practice examples highlighting the breadth of simulated placements and a concluding summary that offers key messages and future directions.</p
Peer-assisted learning: same-level and near-peer approaches within placements
No full textThis chapter introduces peer-assisted learning (PAL) as an effective educational approach to enhance practice-based learning, incorporating both same-level peer learning and near-peer mentoring (NPM). PAL is a widely recognised and valued evidence-based approach in allied health education that can support learning in varied placement models. As a contemporary method to optimise learning opportunities and support learner success, it can function as a core component of practice-based learning that complements placement models discussed in this book. This chapter outlines the essential elements of PAL, and how same-level and near-peer approaches facilitate learning. It also summarises and evaluates the evidence base for PAL, with a focus on allied health placements. Evidence based, real-world practice examples and expertise are distilled into practical principles for designing, planning, implementing and evaluating PAL. Practice examples are provided to illustrate applications of PAL, showcasing its use in routine placement offerings in a tertiary teaching hospital, rural peer-assisted learning clinic, and quality improvement of primary care services
Role-emerging placements
No full textThis chapter explores role-emerging placements in allied health education, providing a comprehensive overview of their definition, rationale and evidence base. Unlike traditional placements, role-emerging placements place students in non-traditional settings without an established allied health professional, fostering autonomy, innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration. The chapter examines the benefits of role-emerging placements, including enhanced professional identity, problem-solving skills and increased employability, as well as challenges such as the absence of direct supervision and variability in placement experiences. Drawing on key literature and real-world case examples, this chapter outlines best practices for designing, implementing and evaluating role-emerging placements to maximise student learning and professional development. Ultimately, role-emerging placements serve as a transformative approach to allied health education, equipping students with the skills needed to navigate and contribute to evolving healthcare landscapes
Student-led clinics
No full textProject and research placements are distinct, but closely related, placement models. This chapter provides a working definition of both models and clearly distinguishes the similarities and differences between the two. A rapid review of the literature was undertaken and the findings used, alongside experiences of facilitating these placements, to delineate the design principles of the models presented in the chapter. The key issues are choosing the project or research study itself, mapping the learning experience to the placement learning outcomes, the practice educator’s approach, allowing time for planning and preparation, creating a sense of belonging, monitoring progress during the placement and using feedback to improve future placements. Practice examples are used to bring the models alive and make the link between theory and practice. Future directions for these models are considered
Modelling tree growth to determine the sustainability of current off-take from Miombo Woodland: a case study from rural villages in Malawi.
No full textMiombo woodlands supply ecosystem services to support livelihoods in southern Africa, however, rapid deforestation has necessitated greater knowledge of tree growth and off-take rates to understand the sustainability of miombo exploitation. We established 48 tree inventory plots within four villages in southern Malawi, interviewed representatives in these same villages about tree management practices and investigated the impact of climate on vegetation dynamics in the region using the ecosystem modelling framework LPJ-GUESS. Combining our data with the forest yield model MYRLIN revealed considerable variation in growth rates across different land uses; forested lands showed the highest growth rates (1639 [95% confidence interval 1594–1684] kg ha–1 year–1), followed by settlement areas (1453 [95% confidence interval 1376–1530] kg ha–1 year–1). Based on the modelled MYRLIN results, we found that 50% of the villages had insufficient growth rates to meet estimated off-take. Furthermore, the results from LPJ-GUESS indicated that sustainable off-take approaches zero in drought years. Local people have recognized the unsustainable use of natural resources and have begun planting activities in order to ensure that ecosystem services derived from miombo woodlands are available for future generations. Future models should incorporate the impacts of human disturbance and climatic variation on vegetation dynamics; such models should be used to support the development and implementation of sustainable forest management
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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