1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Federal forest revenue-sharing in coastal Oregon : an assessment of historical and future tax equivalence
No full textPublic land ownership withdraws property from the tax base of local
property tax districts. Publicly-managed lands occupy approximately 17.5
million acres of forested lands in Oregon (inclusive of federal, state, and county
ownership). To compensate local taxing districts for foregone property tax
collections, Congress enacted a series of federal revenue-sharing programs.
This thesis examined whether the timber-based revenue-sharing programs have
provided equivalent substitutions and whether they will be able to provide
equivalent substitutions in the future. Two time periods and four coastal
Oregon counties were chosen for the analysis: the recent past (1 982-1 989),
the near future (1 995-2000), and Clatsop, Coos, Curry, and Tillamook counties.
This study had three specific objectives: to assess the equivalence of
the historic level of federal timber revenue-sharing receipts received by local
governments; to assess the equivalence of the future level of federal timber
revenue-sharing receipts to be received by local governments in light of the
proposed federal management plans; and to identify options for achieving
equivalence in the future. Two tests of equivalence were considered relevant:
whether the federal contributions were equivalent relative to all other property
tax sources; and whether the federal contributions were equitable relative to all
other timber tax sources.
In terms of property taxes, the federal revenue-sharing monies received
per dollar of property value by the local governments in this study were less
relative to all other property tax sources. In terms of timber receipts, the federal
revenue-sharing monies received per forest acre by the local governments in
this study were greater relative to average private timber receipts. In general,
these conclusions held true in the near future, across a range of likely federal
management scenarios.
Several options for achieving equivalence in the near future were
evaluated, including changes in the federal timber-revenue distribution formulas,
varied harvest levels, and the development of other "in-lieu" tax programs
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Importance of timber-related revenues to local governments in Oregon and the effects of forests in Oregon on property tax rates
No full textLocal governments in Oregon receive money from the
forestry sector in a number of ways. This paper briefly describes
public and private forestry sector sources and the relative
importance of their payments to five forms of local governments
by county for fiscal year 1982-83 to 1985-86. An analysis of the
contribution of forestry sector 1986-87 property tax payments to
statewide property taxes collections are also made. The forms of
local government examined were county governments, schools,
education service districts, rural fire protection districts and road
districts.
It was found that county governments tended to be very
dependent on National Forest Revenue Sharing payments and O&C
in-lieu of taxes payments. County governments received a much
smaller proportion from other forestry related programs including
from severance tax offsets. Twelve of Oregon's county
governments relied on forestry sector payments for at least 40 percent of total revenues. National forests and O&C payments were
found to be the most important of all timber revenues for county
road maintenance. Dependency of schools on timber-derived
revenues ranged from zero percent in Gilliam County to 21 percent
of newly acquired revenue in Lake County. Severance tax offset
money accounted for a very small percent of newly acquired school
revenue over the period. Oregon ESDs, R.F.P.Ds. and road districts
did not depend upon the revenues that were received from
forestry sector sources for operational revenues to any large
extent.
Timber-related firms were found to be bearing a very
significant portion of the property tax burden in a number of
Oregon's counties during the 1986-87 tax year. Tax assessments to
timber-related firms ranged from 23 percent of Clatsop county's
total levy to 0 percent of the total levy in Gilliam County. Timber-related
firms were determined to be a significant contributor to the
financial support of local governments in many Oregon counties.
It was further found that the presence of some of the
publically-owned forest lands in Oregon were associated with lower
tax rates. The presence of privately owned forests on the west side
of the state did not appear to be affecting property tax rates over
the study period. The presence of, and ultimately the severance
tax offsets derived from harvests on privately owned forests on the
eastern side of the state, however, appear to have lowered
property tax rates over the study period
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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Development and comparison of stand-level bucking optimization methods
Full text linkHeuristics based on Monte-Carlo Integer Programming (MCIP) and Tabu Search
(TS) techniques were developed for generating easily implementable bucking rules that are
applicable to entire stands (as opposed to individual stem classes), and for selecting the
rule-set that provides the best feasible solution (given log prices and market constraints).
A rule-set correspond to the definition of the attributes (e.g., minimum end-diameter and
acceptable grades) that the different log-types must satisfy to be acceptable for bucking
from a stem, and its role is to provide guidelines for the bucking activities.
The MCIP method consists of randomly generating the bucking rules, with the
log-types' attributes subjected to certain limitations. To generate candidate solutions
efficiently, several Monte-Carlo simulation controls were analyzed. Such controls include
the stopping criteria, the search region, and the probability distribution used for generating
bucking rules. The TS method corresponds to a search process, with restrictions imposed
on the export logs' attributes for guiding the search. The imposition of tabu-restrictions on
candidate bucking rules helps the search process to avoid becoming trapped at locally
optimal solutions --a condition frequently encountered in patterned searches. Refinements
of Tabu Search used in this study are: [1] parallel tabu-lists of different time-span for the
different tabu-restrictions, and [2] an aspiration criterion consisting of improving upon the
best feasible solution.
Both rule-based models (TS and MCIP) were applied to a set of radiata pine (Pinus
radiata, D.Don) stands, considering different market constraints and price sets. The TS
and MCIP results were compared to solutions obtained by an iterative two-stage Linear
Programming / Shortest Path model and an integer programming (IP) model that were
designed for selecting the best set of stem-specific bucking patterns. The rule-based
approaches lead to bucking outcomes that are reasonably close to the optimal solutions
defined by the IP model. The comparatively sophisticated TS technique, however,
provided solutions to the sample problems that are only marginally better than those
obtained using a simple MCIP approach
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