1,720,961 research outputs found
Seawater carbonate chemistry and grazing and diet preference in Littorina littorea
No full textOcean acidification and eutrophication have direct, positive effects on the growth of many marine macroalgae, potentially resulting in macroalgal blooms and shifts in ecosystem structure and function. Enhanced growth of macroalgae, however, may be controlled by the presence of grazers. While grazing under ocean acidification and eutrophication conditions has variable responses, there is evidence of these factors indirectly increasing consumption. We tested whether a common marine herbivorous snail, Littorina littorea, would increase consumption rates of macroalgae (Ulva and Fucus) under ocean acidification (increased pCO2) and/or eutrophication conditions, via feeding trials on live and reconstituted algal thalli. We found that increased pCO2 resulted in reduced grazing rates on live thalli, with snails feeding almost exclusively on Ulva. However, eutrophication did not impact consumption rates of live tissues. In addition, similarity in consumption of reconstituted Ulva and Fucus tissues across all treatments indicated that physical characteristics of algal tissues, rather than tissue chemistry, may drive dietary shifts in a changing climate. In this system, decreased consumption, coupled with increased growth of macroalgae, may ultimately enhance algal growth and spread
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Habitat Use by Migratroy Shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico
Get PDFThe Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, at the southwestern tip of
Puerto Rico, provide important autumn stopover and wintering
habitat for migratory shorebirds. I studied the abundance
and distribution of shorebirds and their food resources at
this site during autumn of 1990 and 1991.
Small calidrids (primarily Calidris pusilla and C.
mauri) were the most abundant shorebirds at the salt flats.
The maximum weekly counts of small calidrids in 1990 (2,690)
and 1991 (3,532) occurred in mid October. Calidrids foraged
primarily in the Fraternidad lagoon system; roosting took
place most often at the neighboring Candelaria Lagoon.
The macroinvertebrate prey important to calidrids in the
Fraternidad system were Dasyhelea (Diptera), Trichocorixa
(Hemiptera), and Artemia (Anostraca). Changes in invertebrate
abundance coincided with fluctuations in salinity. (100 page document
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Habitat Use by Migratroy Shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico
No full textThe Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, at the southwestern tip ofPuerto Rico, provide important autumn stopover and winteringhabitat for migratory shorebirds. I studied the abundanceand distribution of shorebirds and their food resources atthis site during autumn of 1990 and 1991.Small calidrids (primarily Calidris pusilla and C.mauri) were the most abundant shorebirds at the salt flats.The maximum weekly counts of small calidrids in 1990 (2,690)and 1991 (3,532) occurred in mid October. Calidrids foragedprimarily in the Fraternidad lagoon system; roosting tookplace most often at the neighboring Candelaria Lagoon.The macroinvertebrate prey important to calidrids in theFraternidad system were Dasyhelea (Diptera), Trichocorixa(Hemiptera), and Artemia (Anostraca). Changes in invertebrateabundance coincided with fluctuations in salinity. (100 page document)Research Work Order no. 7
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