1,721,256 research outputs found
Public Policy: core business and by-products
No full text"This is a post-peer-review, pre-copy edited version of an article published in Evidence & Policy. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Graycar, Adam (2007) Public Policy: core business and by-products, Evidence and Policy, Vol. 3, No 4, 567-575 . is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426407782516475"This paper explores the interesting phenomenon of unintended consequences in policy making: that benefits may accrue in one domain of policy making as the result of actions in another with very different interests and priorities. For example, a key randomised controlled trial of a nurse home visiting programme for young mothers identified significant long term crime reduction benefits among their children. Policy makers, in Australia and elsewhere, are currently not well equipped to recognise or capitalise on these by-products of policy making, and the author offers some suggestions for improving matters
Crime and Indigenous People
No full textTheories of crime applied to explain the over-representation of Indigenous people in the penal system are re-examined by three approaches to Indigenous–governmental relations in post-colonial Australia: Aboriginalism, Welfare Colonialism, and Institutionalism. The colonisation of ‘wild’ country, especially in ‘frontier’ states, and relentless ‘civilising’ has continued to imperil and restructure the Indigenous domain. Modernisation disrupts Indigenous society, nurtures cultural resistance, provokes pathologies in the survivors and conflict at cross-borders. High levels of culture-conflict and stress are reflected in the extremes found in the penal system’s response. Indigenous people’s encounter with post-colonial governments is shaped by the problematic deployment of police and penal institutions in managing ‘self-determination’ and has inspired both new (restorative) and old ‘recovered’ (preventive detention) forms of penal sanction – punishments that exemplify the ambivalence of Indigenous citizenship and the problems of regulating social order in post-colonial settler states
Exploring corruption in fisheries
Full text linkThis paper explores corruption in global fisheries. While reducing corruption is critical for the effective management of the fisheries sector and the fulfilment of the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs, and SDGs14 and 16 in particular), to do so, it is necessary to first have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of what corruption is and how it is manifested in the sector. There is literature on illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing, but not much on corruption. The paper proposes an analytical framework and applies it with six revelatory cases to improve the conceptual clarity of corruption in fisheries. Specific corruption problems found in licensing, negotiating access agreements, lax enforcement, extortion, political corruption, money laundering and tax manipulation, human trafficking, etc. can therefore be better identified through this analysis, which lays a base for systematic responses to tackling corruption in fisheries and accordingly furthering the sustainable development of the sector
Homicide through a Different Lens
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in British Journal of Criminology following peer review. The version of record Morris, P.K. & Graycar, Adam (2011), Homicide through a Different Lens, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 53, No 5, 823-838 is available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr038.Homicide rates vary across modern societies, yet most scholarly works on homicide are based on studies in developed countries, although, in less developed countries, homicide rates are higher. Homicide is multidimensional and its related social causes and prevalence differ across cultures. In low-homicide countries, most homicides occur as a result of either criminal activity or personal relationship difficulties. This paper highlights that, in one developing country—Jamaica—a different pattern is more common. High homicide rates are connected with partisan politics and neighbourhood social organization. The argument is that neighbourhood social and political factors drive high homicide rates in urban Jamaica
Criminological responses to corruption
No full textSince the mid-1990s, the subject of corruption and integrity has been on the agenda of both the public and the private sectors. New regulations related to this area have been introduced, and organizations have increased their engagement in self-regulation, the drafting of codes of conduct, and the development of preventive programs. To address the phenomenon of “whistleblowers”, (anonymous) hot-lines for reporting integrity violations have been established and confidential officers put in place. Nevertheless, our society is faced almost daily with new scandals, including corruption by public servants (sometimes entangled with private business enterprises), whistleblowers becoming victims of their openness, and organizations losing trust and reputation as a result of their management’s behavior. Yet most research on corruption has focused on the scope of the problem and the causes situated in differences between countries and organizations. Such research, although it has led to important conclusions, does not answer the question of why in one particular organization, a specific employee or manager engages in unethical behavior while his or her close colleague does not. Yet such knowledge seems vital to achieving a drastic reduction of such unwanted behavior in organizations. This chapter delves into the causes of corruption by combining the relevant elements of criminological theory with valuable insights from other disciplines
Building Ethical Organisations:The Importance of Organisational Integrity Systems
No full textWhat can be done to protect ethics and integrity and to curb corruption and integrity violations, especially in the (semi-)public sector? The present chapter focuses on that question with an emphasis on the organisational level, namely on the whole of instruments, methods, strategies, institutions and actions whose aim is to guarantee integrity within an organisation. First, the central concepts will briefly be clarified: ethics, integrity, corruption, as well as public administration and governance, and what an organisational integrity system is. An overview of the literature and empirical research leads to an evaluation framework which can be used to study and assess the quality of an organisational integrity system and is applicable, we hypothesise, for all (semi-)public-sector organisations and most private-sector organisations in the Western world
Corruption and public value
Full text link“This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Public Integrity on 7 June 2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10999922.2016.1184518.” This author accepted manuscript is made available following 18 month embargo from date of publication (7 June 2016) in accordance with publisher's copyright policy
The Netherlands: An impression of corruption in a less corrupt country
Full text linkThe Netherlands has consistently been high on the Corruption Perceptions Index and, comparatively speaking, there is still significant attention paid to integrity. Yet, many Dutch citizens are critical of public administration and are cynical about politics. Although bribery appears to be uncommon in the Netherlands, there are growing concerns that the country is more corrupt than one would think at first glance. This chapter will provide an overview of the current state of corruption in the Netherlands. Two cases are discussed that illustrate that the Netherlands has its own concerns when it comes to corruption. The fact that in the major corruption cases individuals had organized themselves in networks in which various integrity violations occurred is something which is increasingly recognized. The network corruption or corruption in the polder requires a different way of approaching corruption
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