1,721,237 research outputs found
Epigenetic therapy in lung cancer and mesothelioma
No full textThoracic malignancies present a considerable global health burden with the incidence and mortality of\ud
both lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) increasing year on year. Survival rates\ud
are poor and treatment options are limited in these cancers. Several epigenetic modifications have been\ud
associated with the development of both of these diseases with alterations discriminating between\ud
MPM and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the lung. In addition, studies have suggested that epigenetic agents\ud
are effective in altering the cellular characteristics of lung and MPM cells in terms of proliferation and\ud
migration. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that epigenetic therapy can alter a pathologically\ud
relevant gene expression profile, with one that is more associated with comparative normal tissue.\ud
Therefore agents, which target the epi-genomes of lung cancer and MPM, may provide a substantial\ud
therapeutic improvement when used in combination with current therapy or indeed benefit when used\ud
as a single treatment modality
Based on the Real-World Results From Australia, Immunotherapy Is Not a Good Option for Patients With Mesothelioma
Full text linkIntegrating stakeholder knowledge into the management of a social-ecological system: mental models, risk, and trust in Atlantic coast fisheries
No full textHistorical approaches to natural resource management have largely viewed resource managers, resource users, and the resources as distinct and separate components. This perspective has highlighted the conceptual boundaries between management, social systems and ecosystems. Recent failures in this normative approach however, such as major declines in fisheries, have challenged this traditional perspective. Many management institutions are now adopting a systems perspective which embeds resource management within the human system, and the human system within the broader ecosystem. This new paradigm has produced new frameworks like ecosystem-based management and theoretical tools such as coupled social-ecological systems (SES). These new frameworks are thought to be more beneficial for natural resource management decision-making since they acknowledge important links between social and eco- systems and include more complexity. This complexity, however, presents new challenges as managers and researchers now seek ways to characterize the components, relationships, and dynamics within these systems as a way to inform natural resource policies. To address some of these challenges, this dissertation research seeks to better understand the role that stakeholder knowledge plays in influencing natural resource management in a model SES, mid-Atlantic marine fisheries. I begin by characterizing the SES and outlining differences in knowledge systems by evaluating representations of stakeholder mental models. Next, through interview data collected from fishery managers and scientists, I categorize the conceptual risks within the SES to outline the goals of management and what policies in SES seek to address. Then, I evaluate factors which affect trust of fishery management institutions from the perspective of resource users. Finally, I offer recommendations on how to align knowledge systems between resource users and resource management toward shared goals.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Steven Allan Gra
Epigenetics Underpinning DNA Damage Repair
No full textEpigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that are not the result of genetic alterations. These changes include DNA methylation, histone modifications, or indeed microRNA expression. Chromatin is a tightly compacted DNA–protein complex that allows approximately two meters of DNA to be packaged inside a cell, only a few micrometers across. Although the resulting DNA structure is very stable, it is not very amiable to DNA-dependent processes, so mechanisms have to exist to allow processes such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair to occur. This chapter will look at how a cell responds to and deals with genomic instability at the epigenetic level and highlight how critical chromatin remodeling is for correct DNA repair and cell survival following DNA damage. This chapter will initially look at the DNA repair pathways that function in human cells and then at how the repair of DNA damage is controlled by epigenetics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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