5,155 research outputs found
Single JD root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF).
No full text<p>Fluctuations of α4 are zoomed in the top-right panel where it is worth noticing that residues Leu84-Trp87 increase the RMSF as a consequence of JD dimerization (black curve). After Ala-mutation (gray curve) on Arg101-/Arg103 the RMSF value decrease to the value achieved by JD<sup>Wat</sup> (light gray curve).</p
The Strange Case of Sir Henry Gray
No full text Sir Henry Williamson Gray was a prominent Aberdeen surgeon who took up the post of Chief of Surgery at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal in 1923. In what subsequently became known as “The Sir Henry Williamson Gray Affair” in the annals of McGill University, his career was ruined and his reputation left in tatters. The authors examine the available evidence and conclude that Gray was treated unfairly. They hope they have helped restore his name and reputation. </jats:p
Consideration of Interference Correlation Properties in a JD-CDMA Mobile Radio System with Coherent Receiver Antenna Diversity
No full textIn code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile radio systems, both intersymbol interference and multiple access interference arise which can be combatted by using Joint Detection (JD) techniques, to reduce the degradation in performance resulting from time variance, coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) can be used. The application of JD techniques offers the possibility to exploit the knowledge of noise covariances at the receiver. If only intercell (cochannel) interference is considered, the noise covariances in the uplink receiver of a multiple receiver antenna CDMA mobile radio system depend mainly on the directions of arrival (DOAs) of the interfering signals and the receiver antenna placement. Therefore, if the interferer DOAs are known at the base station, these covariances could be estimated. In this thesis, a realistic model of the uplink of a JD CDMA mobile radio system with CRAD is described in which the above mentioned interference cancelling method is used. Simulation results according to this model are given and evaluated.Applied SciencesElectrical EngineeringTelecommunications and Traffic Control Systems Grou
Dairy farmers’ perceptions toward the implementation of on-farm Johne’s disease prevention and control strategies
No full textmplementation of specific management strategies on dairy farms is currently the most effective way to reduce the prevalence of Johne’s disease (JD), an infectious chronic enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). However, dairy farmers often fail to implement recommended strategies. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions of farmers participating in a JD prevention and control program toward recommended practices, and explore factors that influence whether or not a farmer adopts risk-reducing measures for MAP transmission. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 dairy farmers enrolled in a voluntary JD control program in Alberta, Canada. Principles of classical grounded theory were used for participant selection, interviewing, and data analysis. Additionally, demographic data and MAP infection status were collected and analyzed using quantitative questionnaires and the JD control program database. Farmers’ perceptions were distinguished according to 2 main categories: first, their belief in the importance of JD, and second, their belief in recommended JD prevention and control strategies. Based on these categories, farmers were classified into 4 groups: proactivists, disillusionists, deniers, and unconcerned. The first 2 groups believed in the importance of JD, and proactivists and unconcerned believed in proposed JD prevention and control measures. Groups that regarded JD as important had better knowledge about best strategies to reduce MAP transmission and had more JD risk assessments conducted on their farm. Although not quantified, it also appeared that these groups had more JD prevention and control practices in place. However, often JD was not perceived as a problem in the herd and generally farmers did not regard JD control as a “hot topic” in communications with their herd veterinarian and other farmers. Recommendations regarding how to communicate with farmers and motivate various groups of farmers according to their specific perceptions were provided to optimize adoption of JD prevention and control measures and thereby increase success of voluntary JD control programs
Dose-Dependent Effect of GABAA System on Antinociception Actions of Cuneiformis Nucleus in Brain Stem
No full textBackground and Objective: It's been established that midbrain region namely rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is the coring point of modulation of pain. It's well been documented that periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter is having an antinociception effect along with RVM. However, there are evidences demonstrating that RVM get a few connections from the cuneiformsnucleus (CnF) which might indicate CnF does have the same mechanism as PAG. Thus in this study, we are to explore the antinociception effects of CnF and GABAA circuits.
Methods: Rats were anesthetized with Thiopental drug. Using the stereotaxic apparatus and Paxinos atlas, the point representing for CnF location over the scalp has been designated. Following a week after the surgery, rats were now fully prepared for tests. Animals were chosen to be in three groups. First for control group, 0.5 µl of normal saline was injected into the CnF. Later, a few nanograms of bicucculline (as a GABAA antagonist) were administered into the CnF, dose dependently.
Results: From the results, it has been shown that CnF has a role in antinociception effect and it is because the injection of bicucculline has increased tail flick latency (TFL) and even further increased TFL when administered dose dependently (with high doses).
Conclusion: According to results of current study, CnF has a significant role in pain modulation and circuits of GABAergic system have also played a key role on its antinociception effect
α4-Protein/centre of mass (COM) distribution.
No full text<p>Similar behavior (Gaussian-like) is shown for JD<sup>Wat</sup> (light grey curve) and JD<sup>A101/A103</sup> (gray curve). A subset of sampled JD-JD configurations (black curve) reveals α4 moving far from the protein centre of mass.</p
Knowledge gaps that hamper prevention and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection
No full textIn the last decades, many regional and country‐wide control programmes for Johne's disease (JD ) were developed due to associated economic losses, or because of a possible association with Crohn's disease. These control programmes were often not successful, partly because management protocols were not followed, including the introduction of infected replacement cattle, because tests to identify infected animals were unreliable, and uptake by farmers was not high enough because of a perceived low return on investment. In the absence of a cure or effective commercial vaccines, control of JD is currently primarily based on herd management strategies to avoid infection of cattle and restrict within‐farm and farm‐to‐farm transmission. Although JD control programmes have been implemented in most developed countries, lessons learned from JD prevention and control programmes are underreported. Also, JD control programmes are typically evaluated in a limited number of herds and the duration of the study is less than 5 year, making it difficult to adequately assess the efficacy of control programmes. In this manuscript, we identify the most important gaps in knowledge hampering JD prevention and control programmes, including vaccination and diagnostics. Secondly, we discuss directions that research should take to address those knowledge gaps
Evaluation of an alternative method of herd classification for infection with paratuberculosis in cattle herds in the United States
No full textObjective - To develop a better system for classification of herd infection status for paratuberculosis (Johne's disease JD]) in US cattle herds on the basis of the risk of potential transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratubeculosis. Sample - Simulated data for herd size and within-herd prevalence; sensitivity and specificity for test methods obtained from consensus-based estimates. Procedures - Interrelationships among variables influencing interpretation and classification of herd infection status for JD were evaluated by use of simulated data for various herd sizes, true within-herd prevalences, and sampling and testing methods. The probability of finding ≥1 infected animal in herds was estimated for various testing methods and sample sizes by use of hypergeometric random sampling. Results - 2 main components were required for the new herd JD classification system: the probability of detection of infection determined on the basis of test results from a sample of animals and the maximum detected number of animals with positive test results. Tables were constructed of the estimated probability of detection of infection, and the maximum number of cattle with positive test results or fecal pools with positive culture results with 95% confidence for classification of herd JD infection status were plotted. Herd risk for JD was categorized on the basis of 95% confidence that the true within-herd prevalence was ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Analysis of the findings indicated that a scientifically rigorous and transparent herd classification system for JD in cattle is feasible.Source type: Electronic(1
Combinatorial Families That Are Exponentially Far From Being Listable In Gray Code Sequence
No full textLet S(n) be a collection of subsets of f1; :::; ng. In this paper we study numerical obstructions to the existence of orderings of S(n) for which the cardinalities of successive subsets satisfy congruence conditions. Gray code orders provide an example of such orderings. We say that an ordering of S(n) is a Gray code order if successive subsets differ by the adjunction or deletion of a single element of f1; : : : ; ng. The cardinalities of successive subsets in a Gray code order must alternate in parity. It follows that if d(S(n)) is the difference between the number of elements of S(n) having even (resp. odd) cardinality, then jd(S(n))j \Gamma 1 is a lower bound for the cardinality of the complement of any subset of S(n) which can be listed in Gray code order. For g 2, the collection B(n;g) of g-block free subsets of f1; : : : ; ng is defined to be the set of all subsets S of f1; : : : ; ng such that ja \Gamma bj g if a; b 2 S and a 6= b. We will construct a Gray code order for ..
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