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Early apple fruit development under photoselective nets
Full text linkThe objective of this 2-year study (2017, 2019) was to evaluate the influence of photoselective nets on apple fruit growth, focusing on the initial fruit growth stages of “Pink Lady”. Trees were subjected to four photoselective nets (Blue, Red, White and Yellow) and a standard black one (serving as Control), resulting in 5 light environments (LE), all shading at 20%. From 20 to 90 DAFB, 32 fruit and extension shoots, for each LE, were measured for a total of 11 times during the season. For each LE, fruit gauges were also installed to monitor fruit daily growth parameters, from 50 to 90 DAFB. At harvest, all fruit from each light environment were weighed and quality parameters were measured on 40 fruit per treatment. For each year, correlations were made to test the influence of LEs on final fruit weight and quality, and the impact that extension shoot growth had on fruit growth. In both years, white and control nets led to the production of fruits with higher weight compared to the other treatments (blue, red and yellow nets). In 2019, LEs did not appear to influence the relationship between shoot and fruit growth, probably due to the higher crop load and the massive pruning carried out the previous year. The higher vegetative outburst in this year might have unbalanced resources towards the shoots, than towards the fruit. Results show how weather and orchard management heavily influenced the trees responses. Yet, the consistent findings of final fruit weight, for both years, indicate that different wavelengths influence fruit and shoot behavior, even at early phenological stages. Hence, growers searching for bigger fruit should refer to white and black nets. Further studies approaching this technology can help improve apple production management and knowledge of the use of photoselective nets
A computer vision system for in-field quality evaluation: preliminary results on peach fruit
No full textIn Italy, peaches are paid according to size, color
and appearance. Real time fruit harvest quality information
could support growers and the whole fruit chain improving
segmented selection for consumers as well as to increase
growers’ income. In this study, a computer vision system was
tested aiming to quantifying and sizing peaches in bins at
harvest time. Two different depth cameras the Intel RealSense
D435i and D455, and two different light conditions, natural and
artificial, were tested, to assess potential issues and to achieve
the most suitable set-up for future developments. Automated
fruit detection appeared less difficult, while the system presents
generally overestimation in fruit size. The D435i camera in
artificial light condition obtained the best outcome with a RMSE
of 17.91 mm, compared to the reference diameter of measured
fruit. Although the results obtained are with low accuracy and
precision, the vision systems technique seems promising and
suggests solutions to further improvements. Future studies will
focus on improving the system for sizing and color estimation,
coupled to georeferenced data directly in the field with the aim
of mapping field quality variability. The idea is to develop a lowcost
tool that coupled to harvesting platforms connects fruit
quality at the time of harvest to post-harvest operations
Gestão de pomares experimentais na empresa agrícola UNIBO (Universidade de Bolonha). Relatório de Estágio
No full textMestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaA região da Emília-Romanha, cuja capital é Bolonha, é conhecida como uma das principais referências mundiais ao nível da produção de frutas de qualidade. É uma das regiões mais desenvolvidas de Itália e destaca-se pelo forte associativismo agrícola onde existem cooperativas há mais de 70 anos em atividade. As culturas que caracterizam esta região são a maçã, pera, kiwi, pêssego, ameixa, cereja, damasco e diospiro. Para além desta forte base produtiva, há também muito investimento na investigação e no ensino. A participação ativa das universidades, como é o caso da Universidade de Bolonha, permite o desenvolvimento de campos experimentais, de pesquisa, e assim, a possibilidade de alimentar a constante busca pela inovação dentro do setor.
Neste relatório de estágio é relatada uma experiência de cinco meses no campo experimental da UniBo (Universidade de Bolonha). Este campo engloba dez propriedades (500 ha), no entanto, só quatro destas são objeto de estágio: o Centro Didático Exprimental de Cadriano e as companhias experimentais de Bordone, Sant’Anna e Fanti Melloni. Esta oportunidade surge na consequência do interesse em adquirir conhecimentos sobre fruticultura em Itália e do contacto previamente feito com um dos professores de fruticultura do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da UniBo.
O objetivo do estágio foi a participação na gestão de pomares experimentais de culturas temperadas e, consequentemente, a aquisição de conhecimentos, através da prática e da observação das atividades implícitas na gestão dos pomares. As práticas de gestão principais foram as operações culturais (poda, monda, colheita e plantação de pomares), a proteção das culturas e a análise da qualidade dos frutos (pós-colheita).
Para além da descrição das atividades realizadas, é feita uma apresentação geral da história da fruticultura praticada na região da Emília-Romanha. É ainda caracterizada empresa agrícola e seus campos experimentais objeto de estágio e abordada a utilização da fruticultura de precisão em pomaresN/
Gestão de pomares experimentais na empresa agrícola UNIBO (Universidade de Bolonha). Relatório de Estágio
No full textMestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaA região da Emília-Romanha, cuja capital é Bolonha, é conhecida como uma das principais referências mundiais ao nível da produção de frutas de qualidade. É uma das regiões mais desenvolvidas de Itália e destaca-se pelo forte associativismo agrícola onde existem cooperativas há mais de 70 anos em atividade. As culturas que caracterizam esta região são a maçã, pera, kiwi, pêssego, ameixa, cereja, damasco e diospiro. Para além desta forte base produtiva, há também muito investimento na investigação e no ensino. A participação ativa das universidades, como é o caso da Universidade de Bolonha, permite o desenvolvimento de campos experimentais, de pesquisa, e assim, a possibilidade de alimentar a constante busca pela inovação dentro do setor.
Neste relatório de estágio é relatada uma experiência de cinco meses no campo experimental da UniBo (Universidade de Bolonha). Este campo engloba dez propriedades (500 ha), no entanto, só quatro destas são objeto de estágio: o Centro Didático Exprimental de Cadriano e as companhias experimentais de Bordone, Sant’Anna e Fanti Melloni. Esta oportunidade surge na consequência do interesse em adquirir conhecimentos sobre fruticultura em Itália e do contacto previamente feito com um dos professores de fruticultura do Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da UniBo.
O objetivo do estágio foi a participação na gestão de pomares experimentais de culturas temperadas e, consequentemente, a aquisição de conhecimentos, através da prática e da observação das atividades implícitas na gestão dos pomares. As práticas de gestão principais foram as operações culturais (poda, monda, colheita e plantação de pomares), a proteção das culturas e a análise da qualidade dos frutos (pós-colheita).
Para além da descrição das atividades realizadas, é feita uma apresentação geral da história da fruticultura praticada na região da Emília-Romanha. É ainda caracterizada empresa agrícola e seus campos experimentais objeto de estágio e abordada a utilização da fruticultura de precisão em pomaresN/
Thinning via shading in apple 'Gala' (Malus domestica Borkh.). Agronomic and ecophysiological characterization
No full textMestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Hortofruticultura e Viticultura - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaIn this study, carried out in 2007, at the University of Bologna Experimental Farm, a
new thinning method via shading in ‘Gala’ apple trees is proposed. The two treatments
compared were: chemical thinning (NAA 12 ppm + 6-BA 120ppm, at 14 DAFB) and
artificial shading (with a polypropylene 90% shading cloth, at 30 DAFB, for one week).
Fruit drop, fruit growth rate via caliper and electronic gauges, and whole tree gas
exchange were measured before, during and after shading. Fruit daily growth patterns
changed and greatly reduced under shading, as well as net carbon exchange rates,
total and per unit of light intercepted by the trees, decreased more than 50% during
shading. This work supports the hypothesis that C-deficit may induce fruit abscission
around 30 DAFB. The effects of chemical thinning and shading on fruit abscission
(58,4±1,98 and 56,3±2,42%), crop load (4,17±0,44 and 4,14±0,27 fruitscm-2TCSA),
yield density (0,58±0,06 and 0,60±0,03 Kgcm-2TCSA), final fruit weight and size
(164,89±1,97 and 165,37±1,39 g, 73,01±0,26 and 72,33±0,23 mm), were the same.
Fruits quality was superior in shading, with higher sugar content, flesh firmness and
titrable acidity
Thinning via shading in apple 'Gala' (Malus domestica Borkh.). Agronomic and ecophysiological characterization
No full textMestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Hortofruticultura e Viticultura - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaIn this study, carried out in 2007, at the University of Bologna Experimental Farm, a
new thinning method via shading in ‘Gala’ apple trees is proposed. The two treatments
compared were: chemical thinning (NAA 12 ppm + 6-BA 120ppm, at 14 DAFB) and
artificial shading (with a polypropylene 90% shading cloth, at 30 DAFB, for one week).
Fruit drop, fruit growth rate via caliper and electronic gauges, and whole tree gas
exchange were measured before, during and after shading. Fruit daily growth patterns
changed and greatly reduced under shading, as well as net carbon exchange rates,
total and per unit of light intercepted by the trees, decreased more than 50% during
shading. This work supports the hypothesis that C-deficit may induce fruit abscission
around 30 DAFB. The effects of chemical thinning and shading on fruit abscission
(58,4±1,98 and 56,3±2,42%), crop load (4,17±0,44 and 4,14±0,27 fruitscm-2TCSA),
yield density (0,58±0,06 and 0,60±0,03 Kgcm-2TCSA), final fruit weight and size
(164,89±1,97 and 165,37±1,39 g, 73,01±0,26 and 72,33±0,23 mm), were the same.
Fruits quality was superior in shading, with higher sugar content, flesh firmness and
titrable acidity
Thinning via shading in apple 'Gala' (Malus domestica Borkh.). Agronomic and ecophysiological characterization
No full textMestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Hortofruticultura e Viticultura - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaIn this study, carried out in 2007, at the University of Bologna Experimental Farm, a
new thinning method via shading in ‘Gala’ apple trees is proposed. The two treatments
compared were: chemical thinning (NAA 12 ppm + 6-BA 120ppm, at 14 DAFB) and
artificial shading (with a polypropylene 90% shading cloth, at 30 DAFB, for one week).
Fruit drop, fruit growth rate via caliper and electronic gauges, and whole tree gas
exchange were measured before, during and after shading. Fruit daily growth patterns
changed and greatly reduced under shading, as well as net carbon exchange rates,
total and per unit of light intercepted by the trees, decreased more than 50% during
shading. This work supports the hypothesis that C-deficit may induce fruit abscission
around 30 DAFB. The effects of chemical thinning and shading on fruit abscission
(58,4±1,98 and 56,3±2,42%), crop load (4,17±0,44 and 4,14±0,27 fruitscm-2TCSA),
yield density (0,58±0,06 and 0,60±0,03 Kgcm-2TCSA), final fruit weight and size
(164,89±1,97 and 165,37±1,39 g, 73,01±0,26 and 72,33±0,23 mm), were the same.
Fruits quality was superior in shading, with higher sugar content, flesh firmness and
titrable acidity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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