113,723 research outputs found
The Davisson–Germer experiment
No full textIn this chapter, we discuss the well celebrated Davisson-Germer experiment, that demonstrates the wave nature of the electron. Then, we present the table-top apparatus that reproduces the original experiment. We point out that such experimental set-up is easily usable by students, and it allows to measure the electron wavelength, thus confirming de Broglie’s hypothesis
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of Ca3Ru2O7
No full textWe present a combined oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of the bilayer ruthenate Ca3 Ru2 O7 . Our RIXS experiments on Ca3 Ru2 O7 were carried out on the overlapping planar and interplanar oxygen resonances, which are distinguishable from the apical one. Comparison to equivalent oxygen K-edge spectra recorded on band-Mott insulating Ca2RuO4 is made. In contrast to Ca2 RuO4 spectra, which contain excitations linked to Mott physics, Ca3 Ru2 O7 spectra feature only intra-t2g ones that do not directly involve the Coulomb energy scale. As found in Ca2RuO4, we resolve two intra-t2g excitations in Ca3Ru2O7. Moreover, the lowest lying excitation in Ca3Ru2O7 shows a significant dispersion, revealing a collective character different from what is observed in Ca2RuO4. Theoretical modeling supports the interpretation of this lowest energy excitation in Ca3Ru2O7 as a magnetic transverse mode with multiparticle character, whereas the corresponding excitation in Ca2RuO4 is assigned to combined longitudinal and transverse spin modes. These fundamental differences are discussed in terms of the inequivalent magnetic ground-state manifestations in Ca2RuO4 and Ca3Ru2O7
Author Correction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy: features on chest computed tomography using a structured report system (Scientific Reports, (2020), 10, 1, (17236), 10.1038/s41598-020-73788-5)
No full textThe original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Roberto Grassi, Roberta Fusco, Maria Paola Belfiore, Alessandro Montanelli, Gianluigi Patelli, Fabrizio Urraro, Antonella Petrillo, Vincenza Granata, Palmino Sacco, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Beatrice Feragalli, Alfonso Reginelli & Salvatore Cappabianca which were incorrectly given as Grassi Roberto, Fusco Roberta, Belfiore Maria Paola, Montanelli Alessandro, Patelli Gianluigi, Urraro Fabrizio, Petrillo Antonella, Granata Vincenza, Sacco Palmino, Mazzei Maria Antonietta, Feragalli Beatrice, Reginelli Alfonso & Cappabianca Salvatore. These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Sexual Dysfunctions in Men Affected by Autoimmune Addison's Disease Before and After Short-Term Gluco- and Mineralocorticoid Replacement Therapy
No full textIntroduction. There is evidence suggesting that autoimmune Addison's disease (AD) could be associated with sexual dysfunctions probably caused by gluco- and mineralocorticoid deficiency; however, no study has yet treated this subject in males. Aim. To evaluate male sexuality and psychological correlates in autoimmune AD before and after gluco- and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. Methods. Twelve subjects with a first diagnosis of autoimmune AD were studied before (baseline) and 2 months after (recovery phase) initiating hormone replacement therapy. Main Outcome Measures. Erectile function (EF), orgasmic function (OF), sexual desire (SD), intercourse satisfaction (IS), overall satisfaction (OS), depression, and anxiety were studied using a number of questionnaires (International Index of Erectile Function, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory); clinical, biochemical, and hormone data were included in the analysis. Results. At baseline, low values were found for EF, OF, SD, IS, and OS and high values for depression and anxiety; all of these parameters improved significantly in the recovery phase compared with baseline. EF variation between the two phases correlated significantly and positively with the variation of serum cortisol, urinary free cortisol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure and inversely with that of upright plasma renin activity. Multiple linear regression analysis using EF variation as dependent variable confirmed the relationship of the latter with variation of serum cortisol, urinary free cortisol, and upright plasma renin activity but not with variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions. Our study showed that onset of autoimmune AD in males is associated with a number of sexual dysfunctions, all reversible after initiating replacement hormone therapy; cortisol and aldosterone deficiency seems to play an important role in the genesis of erectile dysfunction although the mechanism of their activity is not clear. Granata A, Tirabassi G, Pugni V, Arnaldi G, Boscaro M, Carani C, and Balercia G. Sexual dysfunctions in men affected by autoimmune Addison's disease before and after short-term gluco- and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. J Sex Me
V. GRANATA, Politica del teatro e teatro della politica a Parigi nel primo Ottocento. Milano. Unicopli, 2008
No full textQuesta recensione è focalizzata sul libro di Veronica Granata. L'autrice ricostruisce la storia del teatro francese nel corso dell'età moderna, analizzando una larga quantità di fonti manoscritte. Tutte le classi della società francese vanno a teatro. Pertanto, il potere politico cerca di controllare la produzione di opere teatrali, usando la censura. Tuttavia, il teatro, come l'autrice mostra, opera a supporto dei cambiamenti politici e sociali della società come avviene durante la Rivoluzione francese.This review is focused on the book of Veronica Granata. The author reconstructs the story of French theatre during the modern history, analizying a wide quantity of manuscript sources. All the social classes of French society go to the theatre. Therefore, the political power try to control the writing of theatrical operas, using censorship. Nevertheless, the theatre in France, as the author shows, manages to support the political and social changements of society as it happens during French Revolution
NEW INSIGHTS ON MIDDLE TRIASSIC INVERTEBRATE ICHNOASSOCIATION FROM THE MONTI PISANI MEGAICHNOSITE (NORTHERN APENNINES)
No full textThe “Verrucano” succession of the Monti Pisani (Northern Apennines, central Italy) has long been the subject of palaeontological research due to the abundance of fossil tetrapod tracks (including some of the oldest dinosauromorph footprints worldwide) that are found in the Middle Triassic Quarziti del Monte Serra Formation. Although much is known about the Monti Pisani tetrapod ichnoassociation, the associated invertebrate traces have received much less attention. Here, we provide a first report on the invertebrate fossil traces from the basal Scisti Verdi Member of the Quarziti del Monte Serra Formation. This stratal package consists of alternations of green-coloured quartzitic phyllites and light-coloured sandstone reaching a maximum total thickness of ~110–120 metres. The presence of imprints of gypsum crystals and ripple marks depicts a semi-protected, lagoonal palaeoenvironment. The following ichnotaxa have been preliminary identified from the Scisti Verdi Member: Asteriacites (both A. lumbricalis and A. stelliformis), cf. Diplocraterion isp., Planolites cf. montanus, and Gyrochorte vel Cruziana. The ichnotaxonomic composition of the studied assemblage resembles that of the Lower Triassic ichnosite of Mount Pallone (Carnic Alps, northern Italy), which was recently revealed to reflect stressed environmental conditions in a marginal-marine paleoenvironment. Similar considerations may apply to the Middle Triassic assemblage studied herein. Moreover, the dense aggregation of asterozoan traces, in addition to morphological evidence such as arm duplication, missing arm tips and vertical reaccommodation/superimposition, stresses the importance of a gregarious lifestyle for these ancient Asteriacites tracemakers
Generating commons makes cities alive
No full textClimate change, together with the pandemic and geopolitical crises(which requires us to reflect on the issue of food and energy autonomy) has broughtback the focus on the cities on their ability to generate and regenerate public goods(for example, healthcare, school, and mobility) and commons in new forms. Citiesare at the same time thefirst culprits and thefirst victims of climate change. They arethe places where we can face past failures and errors, recognize resource-dissipativebuildings and behaviors; or we can produce a deep discontinuity with the past,transforming them into workshops for real change. Due to their high concentration ofassets, skills, technologies, and institutions, big cities can provide the resources forthe most innovative solutions to these phenomena. Through their excesses, humanvariety, inequalities and contradictions, multiple languages, mixing and conflictingcultures, and natural biodiversity, cities willfind a way for the survival of the planet.Cities are indeed the greatest and most complex human product—a commons thathouses commons. They are frail goods, continuously undermined by the risk ofconsumption and abandon, tied to the civic culture of a community, to its capacity ofregenerating itself from waste, abandoned places, and crises; however, they are alsothe place of rebirth, of social, cultural, and economic biodiversity, where every crisiscan be turned into a chance for change
Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: A neglected Issue
No full textIntroduction: Normal sexual activity is an important determinant of quality of life. Unfortunately, several chronic health disorders are associated with an impaired sexual function. Objective: To provide coverage of the current literature on prevalence and pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction in patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders Methods: A Comprehensive review of the literature on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in chronic gastrointestinal and liver disorders, assessing the underlying mechanism (s) was performed. Results: Many gastrointestinal disorders, either functional or organic, are associated with some degree of sexual dysfunction. The main pathogenic mechanisms are: (i) the disease itself causing fatigue, anxiety or depression with a potential alteration of self-esteem; (ii) worry of transmitting a potential infectious agent through sexual activity; (iii) alteration of the endocrine mechanisms which are necessary for normal sexual functioning; (iv) chronic pro- inflammatory conditions which may cause endothelial dysfunction and abnormal vascular responses; (v) iatrogenic. Conclusion: Based on this review, a thorough evaluation of sexual function through validated questionnaires and/or psychological interviews with patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders should be part of the clinical assessment in order to timely diagnose and possibly treat sexual dysfunction in this clinical setting. L Romano, L Granata, F Fusco, et al. Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: A neglected Issue. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX–XXX
Meta-Heuristics Optimization of Mirrors for Gravitational Wave Detectors: Cryogenic Case
No full textIn this paper, we explore the behavior of several optimization methods for reducing coating Brownian noise in the mirrors of gravitational wave detectors. We will refer to cryogenic operating temperatures, where the low refractive index material has mechanical losses higher than those of the high refractive index material. This situation is the exact opposite of that which occurs at room temperature, which is already widely known. The optimal design of the dielectric mirror (without a priori assumptions on thicknesses) can be obtained through the combined multi-objective optimization of transmittance and thermal noise. In the following, we apply several multi-objective meta-heuristics to compute the Pareto front related to the optimization problem of dielectric mirror thicknesses made of two materials (binary coatings). This approach gives us more certainty about the structure of the final result. We find strong evidence that all meta-heuristics converge to the same solution. The final result can be interpreted with simple physical considerations, providing useful rules to simplify the thicknesses of the optimization algorithm
A description model for regeneration through urban tourism in rural towns with underused historic real estate
No full textIl presente contributo propone un modello di descrizione (description model) che trova applicazione in una situazione reale di aiuto alla decisione posto dall'urbanista per lo sviluppo turistico delle città rurali nelle zone dell'entroterra siciliano. Il problema decisionale riguarda la città di Cianciana (AG), che negli ultimi anni si è resa protagonista di un particolare fenomeno di turismo internazionale. In particolare, proponiamo un quadro valutativo multicriteriale per la riqualificazione fisica ed economica del centro storico della città attraverso lo sviluppo del turismo. Il modello presentato, relativo a un problema decisionale di tipo descrittivo, è orientato a supportare i decisori nell’individuazione della modalità preferibile di utilizzo del patrimonio immobiliare storico sottoutilizzato o abbandonato per l'accoglienza turistica. Anche se il quadro valutativo è stato ispirato dal caso particolare di Cianciana, esso trova idonea applicazione nel supporto alla decisione in circostanze analoghe.This paper deals with the construction of a description model that will be helpful for an actual decision aiding situation posed by
the urban planner for tourism development of rural towns in Sicilian hinterland areas. The decision problem concerns the town of
Cianciana, which in recent years has become the protagonist of a particular international tourism phenomenon. We propose a multicriteria
evaluation framework for the rehabilitation of the historic town centre through tourism development. The description problem model that is presented here is focused on aiding decision makers to identify the best usage strategy of under-utilized historic real estate for tourist accommodation. Although the evaluation framework has been inspired by the particular case of Cianciana, it would fit well for evaluations undertaken in analogue circumstances
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