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Book Review of Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends and Future Scenarios
No full textReviews Tzen Wong and Graham Dutfield, Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends and Future Scenarios
Book review - Intellectual property rights and the life science industries: past, present and future
No full textBook review of Graham Dutfield, Intellectual Property Rightsand the Life Science Industries:Past, Present and Future, 2nd ed.(World Scientific, 2009
Review of Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends and Future Scenarios
Get PDFReviews Tzen Wong and Graham Dutfield, Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends and Future Scenarios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Patent quality reconceptualized: aligning patent protection and technical contribution in the innovation ecosystem
No full textSince the 1990s, patent quality has emerged as a central issue threatening confidence in the patent system, particularly in the EU and US. This thesis offers a comprehensive study of this issue, addressing its definition, analysis, and potential remedies.
The concept of patent quality is both misleading and illuminating. When interpreted literally, it is a misleading misnomer, plagued by a lack of consensus and coherence in its definitions. Two essential definitions, legal validity and patent value, originating from distinct research contexts, are often conflated under the banner of patent quality. This conceptual vagueness skews causal inference and obscures the core issue.
When interpreted normatively, however, this concept is also valuable for illuminating a fundamental problem: the misalignment between patent protection and technical contribution, which undermines the patent social contract. Based on this normative interpretation, this thesis defines patent quality with reference to the technical contribution of the patented invention to the art. It argues that this misalignment is shaped by four interrelated constraints: law, technology, resources, and incentives. Given the complexity and contradictions within these constraints, we should ask a different question: how to pragmatically navigate these constraints and reduce the misalignment? Thus, this thesis proposes a portfolio approach combining a bundle of remedies.
This research makes three contributions. First, it critically overviews how patent quality is defined in the current debate, enabling the transcendence of conventional wisdom focusing primarily on examination, legal standards, or patent value. Second, it develops a coherent analytical framework to conceptualize and analyse patent quality. It delineates the fundamental issue, establishes a conceptual definition, and identifies four key constraints. It not only reconciles the diverse conceptions but also integrates the frequently overlooked invention as an indispensable part of the social contract. Third, it advocates a paradigm shift, situating patent quality within the broader innovation ecosystem
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Transboundary Resources, Consent and Customary Law - Comment
No full textThis brief commentary focuses on the unresolved access and benefit sharing (ABS) challenges of transboundary resources and situations where getting prior informed consent is not possible. In the absence of the global mechanism envisaged by the Nagoya Protocol, satisfactory ABS deals can still be struck but these are unlikely to be either common or effective in generating substantial benefits for the indigenous peoples. The commentary closes by underlining the moral imperative of ensuring that traditional knowledge and genetic resource users comply with the laws and customary practices established by indigenous groups rather than simply impose their own norms. However, there are many legal and conceptual obstacles to be overcome first
Should we Regulate Biotechnology through the Patent System? The Case of Terminator Technology
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