1,721,096 research outputs found
FIGURES 64–69 in New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah
No full textFIGURES 64–69. LM. Naviculonema stagnora. Valve views showing the size diminution series. Figure 67 is the holotype. Scale bar: 10 µm.Published as part of GRAEFF, C. L., KOCIOLEK, J.P. & RUSHFORTH, S.R., 2013, New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah, pp. 1-38 in Phytotaxa 153 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/510068
FIGURES 9–12. SEM. Cyclotella utahensis. External and girdle views. Fig. 9 in New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah
No full textFIGURES 9–12. SEM. Cyclotella utahensis. External and girdle views. Fig. 9, Full valve view showing undulate and mottled valve face. Fig. 10, Full valve view showing external opening of the central fultoportula (white arrow). Fig. 11, Girdle view showing open girdle bands. Fig. 12, External view with nodules and external openings of the marginal fultoportulae (white arrows) and the rimoportula (black arrow). Scale bars: 1 µm.Published as part of GRAEFF, C. L., KOCIOLEK, J.P. & RUSHFORTH, S.R., 2013, New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah, pp. 1-38 in Phytotaxa 153 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/510068
FIGURES 33–37 SEM. Williamsella angusta. Internal views showing valves from five specimens. Fig. 33 in New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah
No full textFIGURES 33–37 SEM. Williamsella angusta. Internal views showing valves from five specimens. Fig. 33, Full valve view of a large specimen with subcapitate apices. Fig. 34, Apex showing the raised rimoportula. Fig. 35, Apex showing the linear opening of the rimoportula. Fig. 36, An apex without a rimoportula. Fig. 37, Unpaired striae and shortened striae near the valve center. Scale bars: Fig. 33: 10 µm; Figs. 34–37: 0.5 µm.Published as part of GRAEFF, C. L., KOCIOLEK, J.P. & RUSHFORTH, S.R., 2013, New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah, pp. 1-38 in Phytotaxa 153 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/510068
Multigating, a 4D optimized beam tracking in scanned ion beam therapy
No full textThe treatment of moving tumors with a scanned ion beam is challenging due to interplay effects and changing beam range. We propose multigating, as a method for 4D-treatment optimization and delivery. In 3D beam tracking, tracking vectors are added during delivery to beam spot positions based on the detected motion phase. This has the disadvantage of dose errors in case of complex motion patterns and an uncertain out-of-target dose distribution. In multigating, the motion phase for each beam spot is predefined, which allows to add the tracking vector prior to beam weight optimization on all motion phases. The synchronization of delivery and target motion is assured by fast gating. The feasibility of the delivery was shown in a film experiment and required only minor software modification to the treatment planning system. In a treatment planning study in 4 lung cancer patients, target coverage could be restored to the level of a static reference plan by multigating (V95. 99%) but not by standard beam tracking (V95, 95%). The conformity of the multigating plans was only slightly lower than those of the static plan, with a conformity number of 72.0% (median, range 64.6-76.6%) compared to 75.8% (70.8-81.5%) in spite of target motion of up to 22 mm. In conclusion, we showed the technical feasibility of multigating, a 4D-optimization and delivery method using scanned beams that allows for conformal and homogeneous dose delivery to moving targets also in case of complex motion. © Adenine Press (2014)
FIGURES 145–150 in New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah
No full textFIGURES 145–150. SEM. Nitzschia vitrea. External views of six specimens. Fig. 145, View of the valve face with interrupted striae. Fig. 146, Girdle view of a valve showing the prominent keel and constriction at the valve center. Fig. 147, Valve view of the apex with the raphe positioned at the top of the keel. Fig. 148, Side view of the apex showing a complete row of areolae closest to the raphe and the hyaline region along the edge of the mantle. Fig. 149, Valve center with continuous raphe. Fig. 150, Broken valve showing the areola openings narrowing on inside of the valve. Scale bars: Figs 145–146: 20 µm; Figs 147–150: 1 µm.Published as part of GRAEFF, C. L., KOCIOLEK, J.P. & RUSHFORTH, S.R., 2013, New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah, pp. 1-38 in Phytotaxa 153 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/510068
Robust treatment planning with 4D intensity modulated carbon ion therapy for multiple targets in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer
No full textIntensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) with carbon ions can generate highly conformal treatment plans; however, IMPT is limited in robustness against range and positioning uncertainty. This is particularly true for moving targets, even though all motion states of a 4DCT are considered in 4D-IMPT. Here, we expand 4D-IMPT to include robust non-linear RBE-weighted optimization to explore its potential in improving plan robustness and sparing critical organs. In this study, robust 4D-optimization - based on worst-case optimization on 9 scenarios - was compared to conventional 4D-optimization with PTV margins using 4D dose calculation and robustness analysis for 21 uncertainty scenarios. Slice-by-slice rescanning was used for motion mitigation. Both 4D-optimization strategies were tested on a cohort of 8 multi-lesion lung cancer patients with the goal of prioritizing OAR sparing in a hypofractionated treatment plan. Planning objectives were to keep the OAR volume doses below corresponding limits while simultaneously achieve CTV coverage with D95% ≥ 95 %. For the conventional plans, average D95% was at 98.7% which fulfilled the target objective in 83.2% of scenarios. For the robust plans, average D95% was reduced to 97.6% which still fulfilled the target objective in 80.7% of cases, but led to significantly improved overall OAR sparing: Volume doses were below the limits in 96.2% of cases for the conventional and 99.5% for the robust plans. When considering the particularly critical smaller airways only, fulfillment rates could be increased from 76.2% to 96% for the robust plans. This study has shown that plan robustness of 4D-IMPT could be improved by using robust 4D-optimization, offering greater control over uncertainties in the actual delivered dose. In some cases, this required sacrificing target coverage for the benefit of better OAR sparing
FIGURES 28–32. SEM. Williamsella angusta. External views showing valves from four specimens and the cingulum. Fig. 28 in New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah
No full textFIGURES 28–32. SEM. Williamsella angusta. External views showing valves from four specimens and the cingulum. Fig. 28, Full valve view of a large specimen with narrow apices. Fig. 29, View showing the external opening of the rimoportula and occluded areolae. Fig. 30, An apex with no rimoportula and the structure of the areolae beneath eroded occlusions. Fig. 31, Striae at the valve center sitting between very slight transapical ribs. Fig. 32, Components of the cingulum each with a row of occluded areolae of variable size. Scale bars: Fig. 28: 10 µm; Figs 29–32: 0.5 µm.Published as part of GRAEFF, C. L., KOCIOLEK, J.P. & RUSHFORTH, S.R., 2013, New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah, pp. 1-38 in Phytotaxa 153 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/510068
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
FIGURES 70–72 in New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah
No full textFIGURES 70–72. SEM. Naviculonema stagnora. External valve views of two specimens. Fig. 70, Full external valve with distal raphe ends deflected in the same direction and irregularly-shaped central area. Fig. 71, C-shaped, occluded areolae. Fig 72, Straight proximal raphe ends and an isolated areola at the central area. Scale bars: Fig. 70: 5 µm; Figs 71–72: 1 µm.Published as part of <i>GRAEFF, C. L., KOCIOLEK, J.P. & RUSHFORTH, S.R., 2013, New and Interesting Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Blue Lake Warm Springs, Tooele County, Utah, pp. 1-38 in Phytotaxa 153 (1)</i> on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.153.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5100682">http://zenodo.org/record/5100682</a>
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