1,721,086 research outputs found
Regulating digital platforms:Streamlining the interaction between the Digital Markets Act and national competition regimes
Full text linkThe Digital Markets Act (DMA) will rebalance the relationship between the European Commission and national competition authorities. While Regulation 1/2003 made national competition authorities competent alongside the Commission to apply and enforce the EU competition rules, the Commission is the sole enforcer of the DMA. At the same time, national competition authorities have become increasingly proactive in taking up pioneering competition investigations and legislators at the national level have already adopted additional rules complementing the DMA. While such developments pose risks in terms of unnecessary duplication and regulatory fragmentation across the EU, the co-existence of different EU and national rules can also allow for learning-by-doing. Effective coordination between the DMA and national competition regimes is therefore key to ensure that the parallel existence of EU and national regulation is a strength rather than a weakness of the overall framework of economic regulation for digital markets
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Het reguleren van het gebruik van data door digitale platforms:Gaat de voorgestelde Digital Markets Act ver genoeg?
Full text linkDeze bijdrage beargumenteert dat de bepalingen uit de voorgestelde Digital Markets Act over het gebruik van data striktere eisen moeten stellen aan poortwachters met het oog op andere wetgeving die parallel van toepassing is. Zonder een aanscherping van deze bepalingen is het risico dat het doel van de Digital Markets Act om te zorgen voor betwistbare en eerlijke markten niet bereikt wordt en poortwachters alsnog niet aan strengere eisen onderworpen zijn in verhouding met andere wetgeving, en met name de Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming en de voorgestelde Data Governance Act, die parallel op hen en/of andere marktspelers van toepassing zijn
Naar een meer samenhangend mededingings- en gegevensbeschermingstoezicht in datagedreven markten
No full textDeze bijdrage betoogt dat het mededingings- en gegevensbeschermingstoezicht beter op elkaar afgestemd moeten worden om consumentenbelangen in datagedreven markten te waarborgen. De nasleep van de Facebook/WhatsApp-concentratie laat zien dat het toezicht op digitale markten te wensen overlaat, ondanks de vele handhavingsacties in verschillende lidstaten. Vanuit het perspectief van het mededingingsrecht worden aanbevelingen voor een meer samenhangend toezicht op misbruik van economische machtspositie en concentraties gedaan, zowel inhoudelijk bij de toepassing van concepten als institutioneel bij het uitoefenen van bevoegdheden door de betreffende toezichthouders. Geconcludeerd wordt dat er ruimte is voor synergieën maar dat er ook sprake kan zijn van spanning tussen de twee rechtsgebieden
Market definition and market power in data: The case of online platforms
No full textWith the emergence of data as an asset for market players operating in the digital economy, questions have risen about the relevance of data for competition enforcement.This article focuses on the role of data in the competitive process between online platforms including search engines, social networks and e-commerce platforms. After arguing that situations can be identified in which access to data is a competitive advantage for incumbents and an entry barrier for new entrants, it is analysed how a relevant market for data can be defined and how market power can be established in such a market. Most providers of online platforms do not trade data as a stand-alone product as a result of which no supply and demand exists and no relevant product market for data can be defined under current competition law standards. However, it may still be appropriate for competition authorities in this situation to assess proposed concentrations and alleged abusive behaviour of dominant firms beyond the relevant markets for the services provided to users and advertisers. By defining a wider market for data, a form of potential competition can be taken into account whereby market players also compete for the asset that is used as an input to develop or improve services offered on online platforms
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