196,251 research outputs found
Almonds: botany, production and uses/ edited by Rafel Socias i Company and Thomas M. Gradziel.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.This book, containing 20 chapters, deals with almond taxonomy, morphology, physiology, cultivation history, production, breeding (classical and molecular), cultivar development, genomics, pollen-style (in)compatibility, rootstock development, propagation, orchard management, environmental and water requirements, nutrition, diseases, pests, harvesting, chemical composition, marketing, processing and industrialization.Taxonomy, Botany and Physiology / Rafel Socias i Company, Jos ̌M. Ansn̤ and Mara̕ T. Espiau -- History of Cultivation / Thomas M. Gradziel -- Production and Growing Regions / Thomas M. Gradziel, Robert Curtis and Rafel Socias i Company -- Almond in the Southern Hemisphere / Michelle Wirthensohn and Luis Iannamico -- Classical Genetics and Breeding / Ignasi Batlle, Federico Dicenta, Rafel Socias i Company, Thomas M. Gradziel, Michelle Wirthensohn, Henri Duval and Francisco J. Vargas -- Molecular Breeding and Genomics / Carolina Font i Forcada, Raquel Sǹchez-Přez, Iban Eduardo, Shu-Biao Wu and ℓngel Fernǹdez i Mart ̕-- Late-blooming Cultivar Development / Federico Dicenta, Raquel Sǹchez-Přez, Ignasi Batlle and Pedro Martn̕ez-Gm̤ez -- Pollen-Style (In)compatibility: Development of Autogamous Cultivars / Rafel Socias i Company -- Rootstock Development / Mara̕ J. Rubio-Cabetas, Antonio J. Felipe and Gregory L. Reighard -- Propagation Techniques / Mara̕ J. Rubio-Cabetas, Antonio J. Felipe and Mireia Bordas -- Orchard Management / Octavio Arquero and Katherine Jarvis-Shean -- Environmental Requirements / Jos ̌M. Alonso -- Almond Water Requirements / David Doll -- Almond Tree Nutrition / Saiful Muhammad, Sebastian Saa, Sat Darshan S. Khalsa, Steve Weinbaum and Patrick Brown -- Almond Diseases / Ana Palacio-Bielsa, Mariano Cambra, Carmen Martn̕ez, Antonio Olmos, Vicente Palls̀, Mara̕ M. Lp̤ez, James E. Adaskaveg, Helga Fr̲ster, Miguel A. Cambra, Henri Duval and Daniel Esmenjaud -- Almond Pests / Frank G. Zalom, Eva Nę︢z and Roger A. Baldwin -- Almond Harvesting / Jos ̌L. Espada Carb ̤and Joseph H. Connell -- Chemical Composition of Almond Nuts / Ossama Kodad -- World Almond Market / Ned T. Ryan -- Processing and Industrialization / Alexis Verd, ︢ Santiago Izquierdo and Rafel Socias i Company.1 online resource
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Ontogeny of Almond Vegetative Meristems during Dormancy
Full text linkVegetative development is crucial to orchard tree growth and productivity. Vegetative bud formation and subsequent preformed and neoformed growth patterns determine tree size and architecture (Arquero and Jarvis-Shean 2017). Because flower buds are derived from vegetative buds, the number and distribution of vegetative buds are also a major determinant in tree crop (Lamp et al. 2001). The failure or significant delay of vegetative bud development and growth weakens tree productivity in the current year through the decreased availability of new shoots and leaves for photosynthesis. Failures affect tree productivity in the following years through decreased flower-bearing wood and thus decreased potential yields. In temperate crops various types of dormancy, including paradormancy, endodormancy and ecodormancy, have evolved to suppress bud development and so make these crop species less vulnerable to adverse environments. Different cultivars have different chill and heat requirements for successful transition through dormancy. With ongoing climate change, these differences have made some cultivars more vulnerable to subsequent bud survival and growth. Such bud “pushing” failures have a range of possible causes, including virus and bacterial infections, nutrient deficiencies and insufficient winter vernalization to overcome endodormancy (Gradziel and Fresnedo-Ramírez 2019). Endodormancy is defined as growth suppression by physiological factors within the plant vegetative buds, even in favorable environments (Alonso et al. 2005). Genetic bud-failures include those associated with specific cultivars and in particular Noninfectious Bud Failure (NBF) in Nonpareil and Carmel, and Environmental Bud Failure (EBF) in Monterey and Bennett-Hickman (Fresnedo-Ramírez et al. 2019). NBF and EBF both result in bud-failures but differ in their induction, developmental timelines, and ultimate cause of collapse. Understanding these differences is important for both diagnosis and management.Genetic control of Noninfectious Bud Failure has been demonstrated in crossing studies with almond and peach (Gradziel and Fresnedo-Ramírez 2019; Gradziel and Shackel 2021). Noninfectious bud-failure does not result from a genetic change but rather a change in the state of a “dormancy” gene; in effect, this gene is turned off at the wrong time and this change is irreversible once a certain genetic “age” is achieved (Fresnedo-Ramírez 2017; Gradziel and Shackel 2021). Results from earlier studies (Kester et al. 2005) support the current working model that this gene is also involved in the proper functioning of a hypothesized paradormancy in almond during late summer, and that this is the initial induction or trigger of the disorder. In contrast to endodormancy, paradormancy refers to bud dormancy caused by a signal from a structure other than the buds and is often associated with apical dominance (Kester et al. 2005).A critical diagnostic for NBF is that vegetative buds are already dead (necrotic and brown at the core) going into winter dormancy in the fall, further indicating that the induction occurred during earlier growth. Mechanisms for controlling gene action without changing gene identity are known as epigenetic mechanisms and include changes in gene methylation (D’Amico- Willman et al. 2021a; D’Amico-Willman et al. 2021b), chromosome (telomere) structure (D’Amico-Willman et al. 2021c), micro-RNA composition as well as several still poorly understood processes (Gradziel and Fresnedo-Ramírez 2019).In contrast, the greater site, source and year-to-year variability in Environmental Bud Failure (EBF) suggests that while it is associated with certain highly susceptible cultivars, it is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as diseases and other stresses during the previous growing seasons as well as environmental conditions during dormancy. Environmental bud-failure is activated at some time between fall dormancy and bud-pushing the following spring, but, like NBF, the specific time (and so developmental stage) of failure has not been determined. To better characterize the time and position of such failures in bud development, useful developmental milestones for bud development prior to and during dormancy need to be identified. This study has shown that the number of leaf primordia in dormant Nonpareil as well as Monterey buds shows a uniform rate of increase throughout dormancy. This internal bud- growth pattern can be thus used to establish a developmental timeline for normal dormant-bud development as well as providing more precise estimates for the time of bud failure. While much of this work is preliminary, it opens the door to a better understanding of the ontogeny of meristem and vegetative bud development in perennial plants. Ontogenesis is defined as the development of an individual organ or anatomical feature from the earliest stage to maturity. Negron et al. (2014) have demonstrated that the relative axillary bud position on current season shoot growth was the critical determinant of subsequent shoot fate, whether flower, or vegetative shoot, or blind node. This current research demonstrates that axillary bud ontogeny, including the structure and development of meristematic tissues within individual buds, is a critical determinant of subsequent development years to decades after initial formation. Improved knowledge of such deferred fates including endodormancy, paradormancy and ecodormancy, as well as epicormic shoot induction, will lead to more effective growth management in agricultural and ecological systems, including improved diagnosis and remediation of developmental disorders
Molecular characterization of multiple embryos in almond using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers
No full text2 pages, 2 figures.In almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.
Webb], the appearance of multiple embryos
within the same seedcoat has been
described in seeds from different Californian
cultivars including ‘Nonpareil’, ‘Price’,
‘Sonora’, ‘Jiml’, ‘Carmel’, ‘Johlyn’ and
‘Mission’ (Kester and Gradziel, 1996; Micke
et al., 1996-2001).The authors acknowledge the support of
Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.Peer reviewe
Molecular modelling of RNases from almond involved in self-incompatibility
No full textGametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is a natural mechanism in flowering plants, including almond and other fruit tree species, to prevent inbreeding and promote outcrossing. It is typically under the control of a specific locus, known as the S-locus, which contains at least two genes. The first gene encodes glycoproteins with ribonuclease (S-RNase) activity in the pistils, and the second is a specific F-box gene (SFB) expressed in the pollen. In Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Rosaceae, active S-RNases in the style are essential for rejection of haploid pollen, when the S-allele of pollen matches one of two S-alleles of the diploid pistil. The S-RNase was first identified in Prunus more than 20 years ago, whereas SFB was identified only recently. In spite of the knowledge of the genetic structure of the female and male determinants of GSI, the nature of their mutual interactions at genetic and biochemical levels remain unclear. Thus, detailed understanding of the protein structure involved in GSI may help in discovering how proteins involved in GSI function and fulfil their biological roles. To this aim, three-dimensional (3D) models of a self-compatible (Sf) and a self-incompatible (S8) S-RNase of almond have been constructed, using comparative modelling tools. The molecular models of Sf and S8 showed that 3D architectures of their folds had the same topology as typical members of the RNase T2 family. The modelled structures consisted of mixed α and β folds, with six helices and six beta-strands.A. Fernández i Martí, J. M. Alonso, R. Socias i Company, M. Wirthensohn and M. Hrmovahttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16356668
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
Full text linkFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
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