1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Doppler-Kohärenz-Abbildung von Ionendynamiken in den Plasmaexperimenten VINETA.II und ASDEX Upgrade
Full text linkIn magnetically confining plasma experiments, measurement of ion dynamics is of great importance to study the plasma behaviour in magnetic fields such as the exhaust particle flows in the divertor areas. The plasma exhaust heat flux in a future nuclear power plant is estimated to be too high for the proposed wall materials. This is due to the relatively small areas, where the exhaust plasma interacts with the wall, that result in high local heat loads in these small interaction areas. A solution for the exhaust problem for future high power plasma experiments is one of the major challenges for magnetic confinement fusion as an energy source. High quality experimental measurements are necessary to improve understanding of the scrape-off-layer (SOL) and divertor physics as well as to validate simulation results of edge codes such as e.g. EMC3-Eirene or SOLPS. Understanding the plasma exhaust and edge behaviour is crucial to make correct assumptions about a future, large-sized power plant. This thesis is concerned with the development of a diagnostic measuring impurity ion flows in the SOL and divertor as well as basic physical understanding of these measured flows. Doppler coherence imaging spectroscopy (CIS) is a relatively new technique for the observation of plasma bulk ion dynamics in magnetically confined plasma experiments. It is a passive optical diagnostic that measures 2D images of the line-integrated ion flow and temperature, thus having the potential to vastly increase our knowledge about the SOL physics. Since its invention, the Doppler CIS has been further developed and tested in several plasma experiments such as DIII-D, H-1NF, MAGPIE and MAST. The Doppler CIS has the advantage of a relatively simple hardware set-up with high entendue, providing high flow sensitivity and an order of magnitude more data at higher signal-to-noise than traditional systems. However, absolute flow calibration has proven to be difficult for many impurity ion species present in the divertor of larger plasma experiments. This is due to lack of nearby calibration lines, ambient temperature changes of the diagnostic hardware as well as the difficulty to create a calibration light source equivalent to the plasma. The diagnostic was used successfully for first Doppler CIS ion flow measurements in the small, low-temperature linear plasma experiment VINETA.II and the medium-sized tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). The main physics objective of these studies is the research of ion dynamics in the two experiments. In VINETA.II, drifts due to electric fields were found to dominate ion dynamics. In the SOL and divertor of AUG, though there is a complex interplay of several drive mechanisms influencing the impurity ion dynamics, flows were found to be rather stable in the set of discharges where the Doppler CIS was employed. The physical background of SOL and divertor flows is reviewed in detail. This work focuses on the general characteristics of impurity ion flows in the poloidal field divertor and on bulk plasma ion flow in VINETA.II. Doppler CIS measurements from both experiments are presented: C-III, He-II and D-I in AUG as well as Ar II flows in VINETA.II. A flexible diagnostic set-up was designed to directly calibrate each flow measurement immediately before and after an investigated plasma discharge, making absolutely calibrated flow measurements possible without the use of active or passive temperature control. In AUG, they show a change of flow sign between the two divertor legs that is expected due to magnetic topology. The measured flow speeds are in the range of several kilometers per second and are mainly parallel to the magnetic field lines.In Plasmaexperimenten mit magnetischem Einschluss ist die Messung von Ionen-Dynamiken essentiell um das Plasmaverhalten in Magnetfeldern zu verstehen. Insbesondere ist das ausströmende Plasma im (magnetisch offenen) Rand- und Divertorbereich vom großen Interesse, da in einem zukünftigen Kernfusionsreaktor die Wärmeflüsse auf die Wand als sehr groß eingeschätzt werden. Dies liegt daran, dass die Regionen, in denen das ausströmende Plasma auf die Wand trifft, räumlich klein sind und die lokale Wärmebelastung pro Fläche dadurch sehr groß wird. Die Lösung dieses Problems ist eine Voraussetzung, um die Kernfusion mit magnetisch eingeschlossenen Hochtemperaturplasmen nutzen zu können. Genaue Messungen werden benötigt, um das Verständnis des Plasmas im magnetisch offenen Randbereich und am Divertor zu verbessern, sowie um entsprechende Computersimulationen von Codes wie EMC3-Eirene oder SOLPS zu verifizieren. Das Verstehen und korrekte Beschreiben des Randschichtplasmas ist entscheidend, um die richtige Auslegung für das ausströmende Plasma bei zukünftigen, großen Hochtemperatur-Plasmaanlagen treffen zu können. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung einer spektralen Diagnostik, die die Verunreinigungsflüsse im offenen Randbereich messen kann. Der Fluss von Wand-Verunreinigungen spielt eine wichtige Rolle für den Betrieb eines Plasmaexperimentes und lässt auch Rückschlüsse auf die ausströmenden Ionenflüsse des Hauptplasmas zu. Das Doppler-Kohärenz-Abbildungsverfahren ist eine relativ neue Methode zur Messung von Ionendynamiken in Plasmaexperimenten. Optisch passiv nimmt sie Bilder aus dem sichtbaren Bereich vom Plasma auf und kann den linienintegrierten Ionenfluss und die Ionentemperatur in ihnen sichtbar machen. Beide Parameter können bisher vor allem nur lokal in der Randschicht gemessen werden. Die Doppler-Kohärenz-Abbildungs-Diagnostik (KAD) hat deshalb das Potential, unser Verständnis dieser beiden Parameter für die Randschichtphysik deutlich zu vergrößern. Seit ihrer Erfindung wurde die Doppler KAD weiterentwickelt und in mehreren Plasmaexperimenten (DIII-D, WEGA, H-1NF, MAGPIE, MAST...) eingesetzt. Sie zeichnet sich durch einen relativ simplen Aufbau mit großem Entendue aus und liefert ca. eine Größenordnung mehr Daten mit höherem Signal-zu-Rausch Verhältnis als traditionelle spektroskopische Systeme. Allerdings ist die Kalibration der Flussmessung für viele spektrale Plasmalinien sehr schwierig. Dies liegt am teilweisen Fehlen von geeigneten Kalibrationslinien, Temperaturveränderungen der Diagnostik-Kristalle und an dem Umstand, dass die Diagnostik nicht in der Objektebene innerhalb des Torus kalibriert werden kann. Erfolgreiche Messungen mit der Diagnostik wurden am linearen Niedertemperatur-Plasmaexperiment VINETA.II und dem Tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) durchgeführt. Das physikalische Ziel dieser Messungen war die Untersuchung der Ionendynamiken in beiden Experimenten. In VINETA.II wurden azimutale Plasma Driften aufgrund von einem radialen elektrischen Feld gemessen. Im offenen Randschichtbereich und am Divertor von AUG gibt es ein komplexeres Zusammenwirken von verschiedenen Flussursachen. Trotzdem wurden in den mit der Doppler KAD untersuchten Entladungen für verschiedene Verunreinigungsspezies relativ konstante Flüsse beobachtet. Die verschiedenen physikalischen Ursachen von Ionenflüssen werden im Detail für poloidale Feld-Divertoren (eingesetzt in AUG) sowie für das Hauptplasma in VINETA.II beschrieben. Messungen aus beiden Experimenten werden präsentiert: C III, He II und D-α in AUG sowie für Ar II Flüsse in VINETA.II. Ein flexibler Diagnostik-Aufbau wurde realisiert, um direkt vor und nach jeder Plasmaentladung kalibrieren zu können. Dies ermöglichte absolut kalibrierte Flussmessungen ohne die Nutzung von aktiver oder passiver Temperaturkontrolle. In AUG wurde ein Wechsel der Flussrichtung (vom Beobachter weg bzw. zum Beobachter hin) zwischen den beiden Divertorbeinen beobachtet. Dies wird aufgrund der Magnetfeldtopologie erwartet. Die gemessenen Flussgeschwindigkeiten liegen im Bereich von mehreren Kilometern pro Sekunde und sind hauptsächlich parallel zu den Magnetfeldlinien.EC/H2020/633053/Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortiu
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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