1,720,952 research outputs found
Patentopia: A multi-stage patent extraction platform with disambiguation for certain semantic challenges
No full textBibliographic name disambiguation is an major semantic challenge, but critical to social sciences studies of important intellectual assets. Here we contribute to innovation research in several ways. We show a significant synonym problem in author names and discuss how a pre-processing heuristic step standardizing name variants helps, but homonyms generated with Chinese names are particularly difficult to resolve and manifest in an associated location list. Here we identify a new phenomenon of "onomastic profusion," the frequent use of certain words in firm names for semantic reasons that can confound disambiguation clustering algorithms. We illustrate these concerns with Patentopia, our customized platform accessing the PatentsView portal for the United States Patent and Trademark Office database and available for free academic use. This multi-stage system uses heuristics in concert with the PatentsView clustering process and reports meta-data to further assist analysis. As highly relevant use cases, we illustrate system performance with data derived from two important public innovation programs, I-Corps and Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR), and we close with implications for bibliometric analysis of current patent data.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Delft Centre for Entrepreneurshi
Deterministic bibliometric disambiguation challenges in company names
No full textPeer-reviewed publications and patents serve as important signatures of knowledge generation, and therefore the authors and their organizations can represent agents of intellectual transformation. Accurate tracking of these players enables scholars to follow knowledge evolution. However, while author name disambiguation has been discussed extensively, less is known about the impact of organization name on bibliometric studies. We expand here on the recently defined phenomenon of onomastic profusion, high-frequency words used in organization names for semantic reasons, and thus contributing a non-random source of error to bibliographic studies. We use the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I awardees of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a use case in the field of engineering innovation. We find that firms in California or Massachusetts experience a six percent decrease in the likelihood of using the word Technologies in their names. Furthermore, use of the words Research and Science is linked to doubling the number of awards. We illustrate that, in aggregate, firms executing rational strategic naming decisions can create deterministic bibliometric challenges.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Delft Centre for Entrepreneurshi
Sex, Gender, and Violent Care: An Analysis of Intersexuality and Medical Treatment
No full textDrawing upon the theories of Lisa Stevenson, Pidgeon Pagonis, and Michel Foucault, this paper examines medical jurisdiction, understandings of sex and gender, intersex conditions, and the intersex liberation movement. Gomez-Lacayo demonstrates how these concepts relate to Foucault’s theory of biopolitics and Stevenson’s conception of care. By analyzing specific cases of sexual reassignment such as that of Herculine Barbin, the author argues that treatment of intersex conditions often constitutes a violent form of care made possible through increasing medical intervention and jurisdiction. Gomez-Lacayo further analyzes medicine as a vehicle for the expression and recreation of cultural and social pluralities
Expression of Plasmodium falciparum genes involved in erythrocyte invasion varies among isolates cultured directly from patients.
No full textPlasmodium falciparum merozoites invade erythrocytes using a range of alternative ligands that includes erythrocyte binding antigenic proteins (EBAs) and reticulocyte binding protein homologues (Rh). Variation in the expression of some of these genes among culture-adapted parasite lines correlates with the use of different erythrocyte receptors. Here, expression profiles of four Rh genes and eba175 are analysed in a sample of 42 isolates cultured from malaria patients in Kenya. The profiles cluster into distinct groups, largely because of very strong negative correlations between the levels of expression of particular gene pairs (Rh1 versus Rh2b, eba175 versus Rh2b, and eba175 versus Rh4), previously associated with alternative invasion pathways in culture-adapted parasite lines. High levels of eba175 are seen in isolates in expression profile group I, and may be associated with sialic acid-dependent invasion. Groups II and III are, respectively, characterized by high levels of Rh2b and Rh4, and are more likely to be associated with sialic acid-independent invasion
Pierre; or, The Ambiguities: Herman Melville's Denunciation of Truth in Literature
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/f4123183-2055-40c8-8d70-ad89837dc6c5/thumb/128.jpgThis thesis examines Herman Melville’s Pierre; or The Ambiguities. Demonstrating Melville’s distrust in literature and his deconstruction of its forms, I argue that Melville uses Pierre to attack notions of Absolute or Transcendental Truth. I place myself against the majority of criticism on Pierre, suggesting that it fails to recognize the deliberate craft of the novel. By examining Melville’s obsession with literary artifice, plagiarism, language, and narrativity, I suggest that the themes of Melville’s form correspond to the novelistic project of writing a tragic tale of a stubborn young author. I argue that form and content, in Pierre, coalesce into a novel deeply conscious of itself and its significance beyond its pages
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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