26 research outputs found
Subgrid-Scale model using Artificial Neural Networks for Wall-bounded Turbulent flows: A research on the fidelity of the model
No full textThe chaotic nature of turbulent flows combined with the diverse scales present within turbulent flows makes these flows very challenging to accurately simulate. Since turbulence is a phenomenon that cannot be avoided in real flows, a good understanding and accurate representation of turbulent flows would help to advance in the technical front in a sustainable manner. Over the years, LES and DNS have come up as different methods by which this problem of turbulence could be solved, to an extent. DNS resolves all the relevant scales thereby providing the most accurate option. However, it can only be used for flows with low Reynolds number. LES is a less costly option but it requires a wall model in order to represent the wall-bounded flow with practical computing costs. An attempt was made by Thijs Durieux as well as Matthijs Beekman to create such a model for the 1D burgers equations, with the help of Artificial Neural Networks(ANN). In both cases, the ANN was used to find unresolved scale model coefficients that are the closest fit so that the results of the LES are close to the ones obtained by a DNS. In order to do this efficiently, a training error measure(TEM) was developed which was used by the ANN to obtain the correct model coefficients. This worked well, but only one form of unresolved scale model (algebraic Variational multiscale model) was used and the cases considered were easily handled by that particular model.The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine the effectiveness of the procedures used so far for alternative subgrid scale forms of the unresolved scale model and more challenging test problems. In particular, the ANN calibration of the Orthogonal subgrid-scale model and the Dynamic Orthogonal subgrid-scale model are considered using test cases of constant forcing, periodic forcing, and a Stochastic forcing. The stochastic forcing case would provide an initial idea of how the results for Navier stokes would look like. Response surfaces for both the training error measure(TEM) as well as the simulation error measure (SEM) were also plotted to further investigate the performance of the ANN.It is shown from this thesis that the ANN model is able to work with different forms of the unresolved scale model and different forcing functions. Additionally, the potential gains resulting from spatially varying coefficients are demonstrated. It was also found that the training error measure(TEM) used to train the ANN is able to work efficiently only if there exist model coefficients that would fit the reference data correctly. In a scenario where these coefficients do not exist, the training error measure(TEM) can behave very differently from the simulation error measure(SEM) which results in the ANN producing results that are very different from what is required. A major conclusion is therefore that while the TEM is a good measure to qualitatively analyze the situation, in challenging cases it would be worthwhile to consider a slightly different approach.Aerospace Engineerin
Nonclassical features of trimodal excited coherent Greenberger - Horne - Zeilinger(GHZ) - type state
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Recent Trends in Upgrading of CO 2 as a C1 Reactant in N‐ and C‐ Methylation Reactions
No full textCarbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion from renewable resources have recently emerged as a viable alternative to the synthesis of core chemicals. Despite the fact that CO2 fixation is limited due to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in developing novel routes with the use of CO2 in synthetic organic chemistry, and the pace of advancements in this field is accelerating. In particular, the development of benign N- and C-methylation reactions employing CO2 as a C1 synthon instead of conventional methylation reagents would enable the release of lower amounts of waste leading to more sustainable chemical industry. This review presents recent new strategies for the chemical transformation of CO2 and its incorporation into N- or C-based nucleophiles to provide access to the respective methylamines and methylated (hetero)arenes. Finally, existing limitations in N−H, and C−H bond activation techniques and future prospects are also discussed. We believe these methodologies will provide a handy reference to the chemists for synthesizing a vast range of methylated molecules in shorter steps by utilizing CO2 as an advantageous single-carbon source. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Genome-Wide Identification of BTB Domain-Containing Gene Family in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
No full textBTB (broad-complex, tram track and bric-a-brac) proteins have broad functions in different growth processes and biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the biological role of these proteins has not yet been explored in grapevine, which draws our attention towards the BTB gene family. Herein, we identified 69 BTB genes (VvBTB) in the Vitis vinifera genome and performed comprehensive in silico analysis. Phylogenetic analysis classified VvBTB proteins into five groups, and further domain analysis revealed the presence of other additional functional domains. The majority of BTB proteins were localized in the nucleus. We also performed differential expression analysis by harnessing RNA- seq data of 10 developmental stages and different biotic and abiotic stresses. Our findings revealed the plausible roles of the BTB gene family in developmental stages; Fifty VvBTB were differentially expressed at different developmental stages. In addition, 47 and 16 VvBTB were responsive towards abiotic and biotic stresses, respectively. Interestingly, 13 VvBTB genes exhibited differential expression in at least one of the developmental stages and biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, miRNA target prediction of 13 VvBTB genes revealed that vvi-miR482 targets VvBTB56, and multiple miRNAs, such as vvi-miR172, vvi-miR169 and vvi-miR399, target VvBTB24, which provides an insight into the essential role of the BTB family in the grapevine. Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis and essential information that can potentially be used for further functional investigation of BTB genes in this economically important fruit crop
Non Performing Assets: A Burden on Banking Sector (An Assessment of Indian Commercial Banks’ Profitability)
Full text linkAfter the evolution of new Industrial Policy 1991, banking system reforms became an important issue for the government. During this the reforms laid down by the Shri Narasimhan Rao Committee became quit important. It was at this time that the banking system was drastically transformed. These reforms adopted the international best practices to strengthen the functioning of banking industry. Many of these proposed reforms were implemented in the hopes of enhancing bank overall efficiency and lowering non-performing assets (NPA). The banks\u27 profitability and financial efficiency would also improve as a result of this. For the purposes of this study, individual private sector banks, nationalised banks, and SBI and its affiliates were considered. The research is based on secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India\u27s website for the years 2010 to 2017. The purpose of this research is to determine how banks have contributed to the growing threat and what the banking industry\u27s trend has been in regards to these low-quality loans.
The author has also attempted to research and analyse RBI\u27s proposal to implement Basel III norms in the banking sector beginning in January 2013, as formulated by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in consultation with central banks operating in a number of countries around the world in their respective economies and following sound financial and operational policies
Analisis Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) dalam Membangun Loyalitas Konsumen Susu Mbok Darmi
Full text linkThe development of digital technology has changed communication patterns and consumer behavior, so companies need to adapt to marketing communication strategies. Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is an important strategy to maintain message consistency, strengthen brand image, and build consumer loyalty. This research was conducted at PT Sumoda Tama Berkah or Susu Mbok Darmi, a local Food and Beverage company from Bogor that produces pasteurized milk from local farmers. Data collection was through observation, active participation, and literature review while the author was directly involved in activities within the Marketing Communication division. The purpose of the research was to determine the elements used and the elements that most contribute to building loyalty. This study found that Susu Mbok Darmi applies five main elements of IMC: Sales Promotion, Events and Experiences, Public Relations, Direct Marketing, and Interactive Marketing. Of the five elements, Events and Experiences and Public Relations have the greatest influence on building consumer loyalty because they create direct experiences and strong emotional connections between the company and consumers
Intramedullary conus metastasis from carcinoma lung
No full textA 46-year-old male presented with progressive paraparesis and sensory impairment in both lower limbs since 2 months. He had urinary and bowel incontinence. On examination he had flaccid paraplegia with a sensory level at 11 th dorsal vertebral level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the lumbosacral spine showed an enhancing intramedullary lesion in the conus. The patient underwent excision of the conus mass. Histopathology confirmed the tumor to represent a poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma from an unknown primary. A positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan of the whole body revealed hypermetabolic activity in the hilum of the right lung confirmed to be a lung carcinoma on a CT-guided biopsy. The patient was undergoing chemoradiation at 1 month follow-up. The author′s literature search has yielded only four other case reports of conus metastasis of which only one is in English literature. The present case report and review of literature are presented
