1,720,955 research outputs found
Tourism Destination Management in a Post-Pandemic Context (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations
No full textThe 21st century will be remembered as the century of the Covid-19 pandemic, a catastrophic event that is having a devastating impact on the lives of all humanity. An unprecedented health emergency that is hitting hard all sectors of the global economy, having caused an exceptional shock on supply and demand, but also a profound situation of uncertainty that will lead to a reduction in consumption of goods and services (Boone et al., 2020 Gössling, Scott & Hall, 2020).
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (2020) argues that “tourism is one of the most affected sectors", being highly vulnerable to disturbances caused by natural events in terms of localized phenomena such as earthquakes, fires, volcanic explosions, tsunamis or floods, as well as global events such as disease pandemics (Ma et al., 2020; Butler, 2017; Laws, Prideaux & Chon, 2007; Ritchie, 2004, 2009).
According to Rogerson and Baum (2020) the COVID-19 epidemic is generating profound changes in both the demand and supply of tourism. On the one hand, concerns about personal health and safety become accelerating factors in the process of choosing tourists. On the other hand, the blockage of flows, the closure of borders, travel and mobility restrictions, isolation of communities, and social distancing, is putting the tourism industry in front of an unprecedented challenge in a very short time, requiring a revision of business models (Bartik et al., 2020; Chia-Lin Chang et al. 2020; Cooper & Alderman, 2020; Hall et al., 2020; Jamal & Budke, 2020).
At the same time, as some authors underlined (e.g. Sigala, 2020), if the tourism crisis is a result of the pandemic, it is also true that the uncontrolled development of tourism is one of the cause of the current disease:it has contributed to increasing the level of global interconnections; it has generated pollution, and waste, acting negatively on climate change; it has contributed to put the superiority of the values of capitalism in the decision-making process of people and companies, as well as in political formulations. In this context, the Mediterranean region is among the most affected by the crisis, especially the countries located on both sides , which represent 1/3 of the overall income of international tourism (EU Neighbours South, 2020). In these areas, rethinking tourism represents a necessity for a sector of vital importance for local communities and small businesses.
It is, therefore, essential to start a process of redefinition and re-thinking of the future of tourism for the countries of the Mediterranean region, if they want to remain competitive in the global scenario (Ateljevic, 2020; Baum & Hai, 2020; Bianchi, 2020; Everingham & Chassagne, 2020; Huijbens, 2020; Ioannides & Gyamóthi, 2020; Tremblay-Huet, 2020; Romagosa 2020; Tomassini & Carvagnaro 2020; Carr, 2020; Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020).
However, in order to seize concretely the opportunities of this historical moment it is necessary to redesign the model of tourism development and prepare tourism recovery plans in order to support the transition towards more sustainable and resilient tourism economies, coherently to the UN Sustainable Development Goals and “the ability to satisfy the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their own needs" (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987, p.43). According to this approach, tourism should be critically reconsidered by putting at the center the needs of all stakeholders and at the same time restart in compliance with the triple bottom line that will promote a structural transformation of the sector, a more solid and sustainable development, reinvigorating trust, restoring the environment and promoting institutional innovation (Brouder et al., 2020).
On this point, two opposite approaches have been proposed in the scientific literature.
Some authors (Gössling et al., 2020; Rogerson & Baum 2020) underline the expectations of companies to return "as normal" and to compensate for turnover losses through financial measures offered by various governments. Hall et al. (2020), for example, highlight, at this stage, the importance of the resilience of the tourism business and the political intervention that can support the recovery, without any commitment from stakeholders to sustainable climate change mitigation requirements. The resilience of tourism will depend on the level of consumer confidence, the government's economic interventions and restrictions on mobility, social distance and isolation requirements.
On the contrary, some scholars explain how the pandemic has contributed to the growth of a "global consciousness" that is more in harmony with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Galvani et al., 2020). To them, the crisis offers a "moment of transformation" and an opportunity to better address the objectives of inclusion, sustainability and responsibility. In this perspective, Ioannides & Gyamóthi (2020) see the crisis as an opportunity to escape the unsustainable trajectory of pre-COVID global tourism and offers the prospect of a community-centered framework as a potential mechanism for tourism growth (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020). Embracing this perspective, major players in the hospitality sector have underlined their commitment to a global transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future (Ioannides & Gyimóthy, 2020).
The future development of tourism should, on the one hand, consider various environmental aspects such as pollution, the ecosystem and biodiversity, the use of natural resources, recreational activities and waste management; on the other hand, it should aim at ensuring a social impact, i.e. maximizing the welfare and quality of life of citizens. Rogerson & Baum (2020) point out that a transformation of tourism in this direction implies a commitment of all actors to equity (Benjamin et al., 2020), a research towards transformative e-tourism (Gretzel et al., 2020) and the absorption of different cultural values that guarantee development at community level (Carr, 2020).
The pandemic and the need to redesign tourism have also imposed a reset on the agendas of researchers and academics, so that they can generate new knowledge that can provide the tourism sector with an overview of how to transform its activities and make appropriate use of available resources. Drawing on previous conceptual and theoretical frameworks, it is possible to carry out studies that promote new ideas, models, approaches and paradigms. In this sense, scholars and researchers have a task of great responsibility: to contribute to re-orienting tourism - both from the point of view of supply and demand - towards a truly sustainable and resilient profile, suitable for a future in constant change and full of new challenges (Gursoy & Chi 2020; Ramagosa 2020; Sigala, 2020)
Rebuilding Tourism Post Pandemic - Policy Recommendations From Global Case Studies
No full textAs the world continues to navigate between the ‘new normal’ and the ‘next normal’ of an ongoing pandemic, the recovery plans of several tourism destinations are still not bringing desired results. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed long standing structural weaknesses and gaps in tourism policies worldwide. The formulation of tourism policies based on the pandemic context is, therefore, a need of the hour. However, due to lockdown and physical distancing measures, data collection for the development of research-based tourism policies has not been possible. In this case, evidence-based policies stand as a workable option. Drawing from the book Tourism Destination Management in a Post-Pandemic Context, this policy document proposes a synthesis of tourism policies embraced by destinations struggling in the pandemic context. Lessons show that rebuilding tourism requires policies that address structural weaknesses, advance key priorities, foster global solidarity and take advantage of new opportunities. This piece of study comes to the conclusion that tourism policies post pandemic need to be based on seven pillars; namely mitigation, vaccination, collaboration, information, promotion, education, and investigation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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