1,720,956 research outputs found
Microbial biofilms associated with fluid chemistry and megafaunal colonization at post-eruptive deep-sea hydrothermal vents
No full textAt deep-sea hydrothermal vents, reduced, super-heated hydrothermal fluids mix with cold, oxygenated
seawater. This creates temperature and chemical gradients that support chemosynthetic primary pro-
duction and a biomass-rich community of invertebrates. In late 2005/early 2006 an eruption occurred on
the East Pacific Rise at 9150 0 N, 104117 0 W. Direct observations of the post-eruptive diffuse-flow vents
indicated that the earliest colonizers were microbial biofilms. Two cruises in 2006 and 2007 allowed us
to monitor and sample the early steps of ecosystem recovery. The main objective of this work was to
characterize the composition of microbial biofilms in relation to the temperature and chemistry of the
hydrothermal fluids and the observed patterns of megafaunal colonization. The area selected for this
study had local seafloor habitats of active diffuse flow (in-flow) interrupted by adjacent habitats with no
apparent expulsion of hydrothermal fluids (no-flow). The in-flow habitats were characterized by higher
temperatures (1.6–25.2 1C) and H 2 S concentrations (up to 67.3 mM) than the no-flow habitats, and the
microbial biofilms were dominated by chemosynthetic Epsilonproteobacteria. The no-flow habitats had
much lower temperatures (1.2–5.2 1C) and H 2 S concentrations (0.3–2.9 mM), and Gammaproteobacteria
dominated the biofilms. Siboglinid tubeworms colonized only in-flow habitats, while they were absent
at the no-flow areas, suggesting a correlation between siboglinid tubeworm colonization, active
hydrothermal flow, and the composition of chemosynthetic microbial biofilms
Rebuilding a Vent Community: Lessons from the EPR Integrated Study Site
Full text linkThe discovery of a seafloor eruption at the East Pacific Rise (EPR ) in 1991 presented an opportunity to examine the colonization and assembly of macrofaunal communities at newly formed diffuse-flow vents as well as to document the changes in community composition (Shank et al., 1998) in the context of temperature variation (Scheirer et al., 2006) and fluid chemistry (Von Damm and Lilley, 2004). The eruption site became a focus of the Ridge 2000 EPR Integrated Study Site (ISS) established to facilitate studies of the interaction of biological, geochemical, and/or physical processes associated with seafloor spreading. A second seafloor eruption in 2005–2006 provided opportunities to not only observe changes in community composition and environmental conditions, but also to deploy colonization substrata and other specialized equipment from “time zero.” Here we focus on how larval dispersal and recruitment contribute to the establishment of hydrothermal vent communities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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