1,720,968 research outputs found
Apprentissage profond des graphes attribués pour la cartographie du risque de leptospirose
No full textThis thesis explores supervised learning methods applied to the risk mapping of leptospirosis in New Caledonia. To do so, a holistic approach is considered, by collecting, pre-processing and integrating a broad spectrum of variables, whether they are meteorological, environmental or socio-demographical. The risk mapping has been conducted according the leptospirosis surveillance data from 2011 to 2022, on a spatial scale finer than the municipal level, and on a monthly time step. This spatio-temporal granularity therefore posed a real challenge of imbalanced data. Combined with several sampling strategies, two approaches were developed.The first approach involved an ensemble learning, coupled with under-sampling and hybrid sampling strategies for model training, as well as weighted prediction to optimize the approach's effectiveness. Given conclusive results, an explainability component was developed, enabling the identification of most contributing factors to the leptospirosis risk. Despite satisfying results, this first approach required a large number of supervised learning models.In parallel, this thesis investigates graph neural network methods, focusing specifically on the optimal reduction of attributed graphs within a GNN model by integrating existing techniques from the literature. The resulting hybrid method, named SpaPool, performed comparably to established approaches and demonstrated superior results on datasets consisting of small attributed graphs. Given the effectiveness of graph-based representations, the second approach to map leptospirosis risk using a single GNN model was developed. Combined with various sampling strategies, this method produced promising outcomes, yielding more balanced sensitivity and specificity scores compared to the ensemble approach.The contributions presented in this thesis, both methodological and applied, offer new opportunities for studying other health-related and anthropogenic phenomena.Cette thèse explore les méthodes d'apprentissage supervisé appliquées à la cartographie du risque de leptospirose en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Pour cela, une approche holistique est considérée, en collectant, pré-traitant et intégrant une large variété de données, qu'elles soient météorologiques, environnementales ou socio-démographiques. La cartographie du risque a été réalisée à l'aide de l'ensemble des cas de leptospirose entre 2011 et 2022, à une échelle spatiale plus fine que celle de la commune, le tout sur un pas de temps mensuel. Cette granularité spatio-temporelle s'est alors traduite en un véritable défi de données déséquilibrées. Couplées à maintes stratégies d'échantillonnage des données, deux approches ont été développées.La première approche intègre un apprentissage ensembliste, combiné à des stratégies de sous-échantillonnage et d'échantillonnage hybride pour l'apprentissage des modèles, ainsi qu'à des prédictions pondérées pour optimiser l'efficacité de cette approche. Face aux résultats concluants de cette approche ensembliste, une composante d'explicabilité est développée, permettant d'identifier les facteurs contribuant au risque de leptospirose. Cette première approche, bien que donnant des résultats satisfaisants, a nécessité l'utilisation de multiples modèles d'apprentissage supervisé.En parallèle, cette thèse a exploré les méthodes de réseaux de neurones de graphes (GNN), plus précisément la problématique de la réduction optimale de graphes attribués au sein d'un modèle de GNN, en combinant les méthodes de la littérature. Cette méthode hybride, nommée SpaPool, s'est avérée équivalente aux méthodes existantes, mais montre une certaine supériorité lorsqu'il s'agit de graphes attribués de petite taille. La représentation en graphes attribués étant particulièrement efficace, la seconde approche de cartographie du risque de leptospirose a été développée à partir d'un unique modèle de GNN. Couplée à diverses stratégies d'échantillonnage, cette approche a donné des résultats prometteurs, avec des scores de sensibilité et de spécificité plus homogènes que l'approche ensembliste.Les contributions présentées dans cette thèse, qu'elles soient méthodologiques ou applicatives, offrent de nouvelles opportunités pour d'autres phénomènes sanitaires et anthropiques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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