1,720,957 research outputs found
The wrongness of image-based sexual abuse
No full textWhat is the nature of the wrongfulness of image-based sexual abuse (‘ibsa’)? That is the main question addressed in this thesis. The answer is found to depend on the understanding of personhood underpinning the interpretation of wrongs. It can be summarised as follows: on atomistic personhood, ibsa is a moderate infringement of autonomy, sexual integrity, privacy, and positive freedom of expression. There is limited theoretical scope for finding the absolute wrong of failing to minimally respect personhood. On relational personhood, ibsa is found to be much more seriously wrongful: it is a severe infringement of autonomy, sexual integrity, privacy, positive and negative freedom of expression, and can constitute a breach of trust. The absolute wrong of failing to minimally respect personhood can readily be found. On both approaches to personhood, ibsa is understood as part of the continuum of violence against women and, as such, as reinforcing and being reinforced by inequality.A central claim of this thesis is that personhood is a fundamental element of interpreting wrongs against persons. Personhood is not typically appreciated as such, nor is wrongfulness usually at the focus of discussion when considering justified criminalisation. This thesis first sets out the justified scope of the criminal law in liberal democracies as demarcated by harmful, public wrongs. Wrongfulness is considered as an underexplored, core part of criminalisation theory. The thesis presents an original analysis of the significance of personhood in the context of interpreting wrongfulness and justifying criminalisation. That is followed by a discussion of atomistic and relational consent, and the role of (lack of) consent in finding wrongfulness. This thesis then uses the preceding analysis to interpret the wrongs of ibsa both on an atomistic and on a relational understanding of personhood, thus offering a two-part answer to the main question of this thesis. Finally, the thesis explores the implications of its findings on criminalisation theory and the criminalisation of ibsa. It defends the view that the law should take a relational understanding of personhood and that ibsa should be criminalised as a sexual offence
What makes a sex crime? A fair label for image-based sexual abuse
No full textThis article considers why image-based sexual abuse (‘ibsa’) should be classified as a sexual offence. The article briefly considers harmfulness, and then moves to discuss the principle of fair labelling. Classification of offences should be informed by the wrongdoing they address. A conceptual analysis of sexual offences shows that sexual wrongs warrant labelling as sexual offences. The infringement of the right to sexual autonomy in ibsa means the nature of the wrong is sexual. Ibsa should be a sex crime
Mandatory vaccination and the infringement of children’s article 8 rights for their parents’ non-compliance
Get PDFDeepfake pornografie: neppe foto’s, echte afbeeldingen - analyse en aanbevelingen over de strafbaarstelling van seksueel misbruik met beeldmateriaal in art. 139h Sr
Get PDFStrafbaarstelling van seksuele deepfakes
No full textDeepnudes zijn een toegankelijke vorm van seksueel misbruik met beeldmateriaal. Dit artikel behandelt de definitie van deepfakes en de achterliggende technologie alvorens de vraag te behandelen of het strafrecht een legitieme rol heeft bij aanpak van seksuele deepfakes. Geconcludeerd wordt dat pornografische deepfakes gerechtvaardigd strafbaar gesteld kunnen worden door hun schadelijkheid en onrechtmatigheid. Daarop volgt een analyse van bestaande strafwetsartikelen en hun geschiktheid voor aanpak van seksuele deepfakes. Het artikel wordt afgerond met een aanbeveling voor verbetering in strafwetgeving
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
