1,721,140 research outputs found
A propos de la découverte du virus du Sida
No full textZur Entdeckung des Aids-Virus.
In diesem Artikel wird zu erklären versucht, wie es dazu kam, daß eine zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch unbekannte französische Forschergruppe den Aids- Virus entdeckte und damit einem auf diesem Gebiet spezialisierten amerikanischen Team zuvorkam. Ein Jahr nach Veröffentlichung der französischen Entdeckung verkiindet die amerikanische Gruppe, die dazu beigetragen hatte, daß die französische Entdeckung unbekannt geblieben war, ihrerseits und ohne Hinweis auf die französischen Arbeiten die Entdeckung des Virus. Ein weiteres Jahr später verschieben sich durch Intervention amerikanischer Forscher die bislang herrschenden Kräfteverhältnisse. Der danach ausbrechende offene Konflikt wird durch kommerzielle, juristische und politische Überlegungen noch verwickelter.On the Discovery of the Aids Virus.
This article seeks to explain how a then little-known French research team discovered the AIDS virus, ahead of an American group specializing in this field. A year after the publication of the French discovery, which they had helped to keep unknown, the American group claimed for themselves the discovery of the virus, making no reference to the French team's work. A year later, after intervention by American researchers, the balance of power changed. There ensued an overt conflict with commercial, legal and political ramifications.A propos de la découverte du virus du Sida.
Cet article essaie d'expliquer pourquoi une équipe française de chercheurs, encore peu connue, a découvert le virus du SIDA, battant ainsi de vitesse un groupe américain, spécialisé dans le domaine. Un an après la publication de la découverte française, qu'il avait contribué à tenir ignorée, le groupe américain annonce, sans référence aucune aux travaux français, avoir découvert le virus. Un an plus tard, à la suite d'interventions de chercheurs américains, le rapport de force change ; un conflit ouvert en résulte qui se complique de considérations commerciales, juridiques et politiques.A propósito del descubrimiento del virus SIDA.
Este articulo trata de explicar por qué un equipo francés de investigadores, aún poco conocido, ha descubierto el virus del SIDA, adelantándose a un grupo Norte-americano, especializado en el dominio. Un año después de la publicación del descubrimiento francés, que él habia contribuido a mantener ignorado, el grupo americano anuncia, sin referencia alguna a los trabajos franceses, haber descubierto el virus. Un año más tarde, en continuación a las intervenciones de los investigadores Norte-americanos, la relación de fuerza cambia ; de ello resulta un conflicto abierto que se complica de consideraciones comerciales, jurídicas y políticas.Heilbron Johan, Goudsmit Jaap. A propos de la découverte du virus du Sida. In: Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. Vol. 69, septembre 1987. Pouvoirs d’école-1. pp. 98-104
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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