1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
The effect of eccentric exercise on decompression strain
No full textDuring high-altitude flight, extravehicular activity, and following diving, decompression sickness (DCS) can occur. Even mild symptoms of DCS (e.g., joint pain) may jeopardise a mission and necessitate treatment to resolve. The aetiology of DCS is thought to be the generation of gas bubbles within tissues and the vascular system, the latter known as venous gas emboli (VGE). These bubbles are believed to be formed from gas-saturated tissues and precursor bubbles, also known as micronuclei. There is limited knowledge regarding potential pre-decompression events that might provoke the development of DCS. Anecdotal observations made in reports suggest a relationship between strenuous exercise and musculoskeletal injury with an increased risk of DCS. However, no controlled studies in humans have been conducted to further explore this relationship. Given that aviators and divers frequently engage in strenuous physical activity, it is of interest, not least from a practical viewpoint, to determine whether and to what degree muscle damage induced by strenuous physical exercise may increase the risk of developing DCS. Eccentric contractions, where muscles lengthen under tension, cause greater exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) than concentric or isometric contractions. Although many eccentric exercises have been studied for their potential to cause EIMD, the effects of eccentric arm cycling remain unexplored. In this thesis, we examined the effect of eccentric exercise on the formation of VGE as a marker of decompression strain. The thesis is based on four separate studies with the collective aim of investigating the effects of eccentric exercise on muscle damage and the formation of high-altitude-induced VGE. The first study investigated eccentric arm cycling as a mode of exercise to induce muscle damage. The results show that 15 minutes of eccentric arm cycling is enough to induce EIMD, as evidenced by a reduction in isometric strength, delayed onset of muscle soreness, and elevation of markers indicative of muscle damage. The second study investigated the effect of eccentric upper-body exercise on the formation of VGE. The study included two conditions: (i) eccentric exercise performed 24 hours prior to decompression and (ii) no exercise (Control). The results show that performing eccentric exercise 24 hours prior to a continuous exposure to 24, 000 feet for 90 minutes led to an earlier onset and increased VGE load compared to the Control. The third study examined the effect of EIMD and its magnitude on high-altitude-induced VGE. The study included three conditions: (i) eccentric whole-body exercise, (ii) eccentric upper body exercise, and (iii) Control. The results show that the impact of eccentric exercise on high-altitude-induced VGE seems to vary depending on whether eccentric exercise has been performed in the upper body or lower body, rather than on the total muscle mass recruited. The fourth study investigated the effect of eccentric exercise on muscle damage and inflammation and explored their possible roles in hypobaric VGE formation. The study included VGE-data from studies II and III, along with blood samples collected in conjunction with Control/exercise interventions and altitude exposures. The findings suggest that eccentric EIMD and inflammation are associated with a higher decompression strain. Furthermore, VGE load seems to induce and exacerbate systemic inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Under flygning på hög höjd, vid extravehikulära aktiviteter (rymdpromenader) och efter dykning kan dekompressionssjuka (DCS) uppstå. Även milda symtom på DCS, som exempelvis ledvärk, kan äventyra ett uppdrag och kräva behandling för att lindras. Etiologin bakom DCS tros vara bildandet av gasbubblor i vävnader och det vaskulära systemet, där det senare är känt som venösa gasembolier (VGE). Dessa bubblor tros bildas från gasmättade vävnader i kombination med bubbelprekursorer, även kallade mikrokärnor. Det finns begränsad kunskap om potentiella händelser före dekompression som kan öka risken för DCS. Anekdotiska observationer i rapporter tyder på att ansträngande träning och muskuloskeletala skador är associerade med en ökad risk för DCS. Dock har inga kontrollerade studier på människor utförts för att närmare undersöka detta samband. Eftersom flygare och dykare ofta ägnar sig åt fysiskt ansträngande aktiviteter är det av intresse, inte minst ur ett praktiskt perspektiv, att undersöka om och i vilken utsträckning muskelskador orsakade av ansträngande träning kan öka risken för att utveckla DCS. Excentriska kontraktioner, där muskler förlängs under spänning, orsakar mer träningsinducerad muskelskada (EIMD) än koncentriska eller isometriska kontraktioner. Även om många excentriska övningar har studerats för sin potential att orsaka EIMD, är effekterna av excentrisk armcykling fortfarande outredda. I denna avhandling undersökte vi effekten av excentrisk träning på bildandet av VGE som en markör för dekompressionsbelastning. Avhandlingen baseras på fyra separata studier som sammantaget syftar till att undersöka hur excentrisk träning påverkar muskelskador och bildandet av VGE vid simulerad höghöjdsexponering. Den första studien undersökte excentrisk armcykling som en metod för att orsaka muskelskada. Resultaten visar att 15 minuter av excentrisk armcykling är tillräckligt för att orsaka EIMD, vilket framgår av minskad isometrisk styrka och träningsvärk i den tränade muskeln, samt förhöjda nivåer av biomarkörer som indikerar muskelskada. Den andra studien undersökte effekten av excentrisk träning på bildandet av VGE. Studien inkluderade två betingelser: (i) excentrisk träning utförd 24 timmar före dekompression och (ii) ingen träning (Kontroll). Resultaten visar att excentrisk träning 24 timmar före kontinuerlig exponering på 24 000 fot i 90 minuter resulterade i en tidigare uppkomst och högre VGE-belastning jämfört med Kontroll. Den tredje studien undersökte effekten av EIMD och dess omfattning på höghöjdsinducerad VGE. Studien inkluderade tre betingelser: (i) excentrisk helkroppsträning, (ii) excentrisk överkroppsträning och (iii) Kontroll. Resultaten visar att den excentriska träningens effekt på bildandet av VGE verkar bero på om träningen utförts i överkroppen eller underkroppen, snarare än den totala muskelmassan som rekryterats under träningen. Den fjärde studien undersökte effekten av excentrisk träning på muskelskada och inflammation, samt deras potentiella roller vid bildandet av höghöjdsinducerad VGE. Studien inkluderade VGE-data från studierna II och III, samt blodprover som togs i samband med Kontroll/träningsinterventioner och höghöjdsexponeringar. Resultaten antyder att excentrisk EIMD och inflammation är associerade med en högre dekompressionsbelastning. Vidare verkar VGE-belastningen inducera och förvärra systemisk inflammation på ett dosberoende sätt.QC 2024-11-04</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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