1,721,115 research outputs found
Prenatal effects of maternal depression.
No full textIn communities with risk factors such as poverty, significant numbers of women are chronically depressed. For this group, maternal depression appears to affect prenatal, neonatal, and infant development. The purpose of this chapter is to review studies on this high-risk group including early intervention studies that may help inform clinicians' referrals. The review starts with research conducted 15 yrs ago when interactions between young infants and their mothers were the primary focus of the research field on depressed mothers and their infants. Next the review turns to newborn studies in which investigators attempted to explore the infants' contribution to the disturbed mother-infant interactions. Because the newborns were showing behavioral, physiological, and hormonal patterns that mimicked their mothers' patterns, the research turned to the prenatal period and differences in fetal actions and responses to stimulation. The longitudinal research that highlighted the need for intervention at all stages from the prenatal period across infancy is then reviewed. The chapter concludes with a review of early intervention studies showing that maternal depression effects can be ameliorated in at least the short term. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved
Epidemiology of Depression
No full textEpidemiological evidence shows that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a commonly occurring, seriously impairing, and often undertreated disorder. MDD occurs in the context of a very high prevalence of depressed mood and a high prevalence of subsyndromal depressive episodes. MDD is often recurrent and is typically comorbid with other mental disorders that are usually temporally primary in the sense that first lifetime onset of MDD usually occurs after the onset of at least one other lifetime comorbid disorder. Future efforts such as the NIMH RDoC initiative will be needed to identify the neural circuitry, disease mechanisms, and critical periods underlying depression—information essential to improving our current diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies. Progress in these areas is sorely needed, as evidenced by the structural impairments that occur subsequent to the onset of MDD, including low educational attainment, poor marital outcomes, and poor socioeconomic outcomes. The day-to-day role impairments that occur in conjunction with MDD include poor performance in both productive and social roles. Increased efforts are needed to document the cost-effectiveness of expanded depression treatment and of treatment-quality improvement initiatives. Because employers play such a large part in driving health insurance benefit design in the United States, it is especially important to document the return on investment of expanded depression outreach and treatment from the employer perspective. We also need to expand research on modifiable barriers to help seeking for depression and to evaluate the effectiveness of systematic depression screening and outreach programs designed to increase the proportion of people with depression who seek treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved
Epidemiology of Depression
No full textEpidemiological evidence shows that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a commonly occurring, seriously impairing, and often undertreated disorder. MDD occurs in the context of a very high prevalence of depressed mood and a high prevalence of subsyndromal depressive episodes. MDD is often recurrent and is typically comorbid with other mental disorders that are usually temporally primary in the sense that first lifetime onset of MDD usually occurs after the onset of at least one other lifetime comorbid disorder. Future efforts such as the NIMH RDoC initiative will be needed to identify the neural circuitry, disease mechanisms, and critical periods underlying depression—information essential to improving our current diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies. Progress in these areas is sorely needed, as evidenced by the structural impairments that occur subsequent to the onset of MDD, including low educational attainment, poor marital outcomes, and poor socioeconomic outcomes. The day-to-day role impairments that occur in conjunction with MDD include poor performance in both productive and social roles. Increased efforts are needed to document the cost-effectiveness of expanded depression treatment and of treatment-quality improvement initiatives. Because employers play such a large part in driving health insurance benefit design in the United States, it is especially important to document the return on investment of expanded depression outreach and treatment from the employer perspective. We also need to expand research on modifiable barriers to help seeking for depression and to evaluate the effectiveness of systematic depression screening and outreach programs designed to increase the proportion of people with depression who seek treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Couple, parenting, and interpersonal therapies for depression in adults: Toward common clinical guidelines
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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