130,963 research outputs found
Eosinophilic disorders: molecular pathogenesis, new classification, and modern therapy
No full textBefore the 1990s, lack of evidence for a reactive cause of hypereosinophilia or chronic eosinophilic leukemia (e.g. presence of a clonal cytogenetic abnormality or increased blood or bone marrow blasts) resulted in diagnosticians characterizing such nebulous cases as 'idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)'. However, over the last decade, significant advances in our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of eosinophilic disorders have shifted an increasing proportion of cases from this idiopathic HES 'pool' to genetically defined eosinophilic diseases with recurrent molecular abnormalities. The majority of these genetic lesions result in constitutively activated fusion tyrosine kinases, the phenotypic consequence of which is an eosinophilia-associated myeloid disorder. Most notable among these is the recent discovery of the cryptic FIP1L1-PDGFRA gene fusion in karyotypically normal patients with systemic mast cell disease with eosinophilia or idiopathic HES, redefining these diseases as clonal eosinophilias. Rearrangements involving PDGFRA and PDGFRB in eosinophilic chronic myeloproliferative disorders, and of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in the 8p11 stem cell myeloproliferative syndrome constitute additional examples of specific genetic alterations linked to clonal eosinophilia. The identification of populations of aberrant T-lymphocytes secreting eosinophilopoietic cytokines such as interleukin-5 establish a pathophysiologic basis for cases of lymphocyte-mediated hypereosinophilia. This recent revival in understanding the biologic basis of eosinophilic disorders has permitted more genetic specificity in the classification of these diseases, and has translated into successful therapeutic approaches with targeted agents such as imatinib mesylate and recombinant anti-IL-5 antibody
« ‘My name is Gotlib' : Au Nom du Père »
No full textInternational audienceMarcel GOTLIB est l’auteur de bandes dessinées qu’on sait (Dingodossiers, avec GOSCINNY, Rubrique-à-brac, …), le cofondateur de Fluide Glacial. En 1993, il a fait pa-raître une autobiographie très attachante, J’existe, je me suis rencontré. Dans celle-ci, comme déjà dans beaucoup de ses bandes dessinées, il pratique les ambiguïtés du genre autobiographique, greffant sans vergogne de la fiction sur le récit censément réel ; ainsi l’émotion est-elle sans cesse parasitée par l’exhibition du caractère construit du souve-nir, reconstitué, peut-être inventé, ou du moins chargé, pour le trait d'humour. Inventé aussi certainement pour préserver l'intimité de l'auteur, que préserve le narrateur, tout en souli-gnant le « travail » de la mémoire. Les noms propres se prêtent particulièrement à ces jeux, comme le signalent les premiers mots de la quatrième de couverture : « My name is Gotlib ». Surtout, si l’on met à part le premier chapitre , les suivants, qui constituent l’entrée véritable dans l’autobiographie, sont explicitement consacrés au père, et plus spécialement à sa dénomination : le chapitre 2 s’intitule « Ervin » ; le troisième, « Noms, prénoms, surnoms », est d’abord consacré aux aléas de l’onomastique paternelle, puis à celle du fils ; enfin, nous verrons que le chapitre quatre, Zorro est arrivé, ne rompt pas tant qu’il y paraît avec le nom du père
« ‘My name is Gotlib' : Au Nom du Père »
No full textInternational audienceMarcel GOTLIB est l’auteur de bandes dessinées qu’on sait (Dingodossiers, avec GOSCINNY, Rubrique-à-brac, …), le cofondateur de Fluide Glacial. En 1993, il a fait pa-raître une autobiographie très attachante, J’existe, je me suis rencontré. Dans celle-ci, comme déjà dans beaucoup de ses bandes dessinées, il pratique les ambiguïtés du genre autobiographique, greffant sans vergogne de la fiction sur le récit censément réel ; ainsi l’émotion est-elle sans cesse parasitée par l’exhibition du caractère construit du souve-nir, reconstitué, peut-être inventé, ou du moins chargé, pour le trait d'humour. Inventé aussi certainement pour préserver l'intimité de l'auteur, que préserve le narrateur, tout en souli-gnant le « travail » de la mémoire. Les noms propres se prêtent particulièrement à ces jeux, comme le signalent les premiers mots de la quatrième de couverture : « My name is Gotlib ». Surtout, si l’on met à part le premier chapitre , les suivants, qui constituent l’entrée véritable dans l’autobiographie, sont explicitement consacrés au père, et plus spécialement à sa dénomination : le chapitre 2 s’intitule « Ervin » ; le troisième, « Noms, prénoms, surnoms », est d’abord consacré aux aléas de l’onomastique paternelle, puis à celle du fils ; enfin, nous verrons que le chapitre quatre, Zorro est arrivé, ne rompt pas tant qu’il y paraît avec le nom du père
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
De Theoderico Bvzicio Eivsqve Genere Et Patria Dissertatio Prior / Qvam Moderante Ioanne Gotlib. Kravsio Histor. P. P. A. D. III Kal. Decembres A. Dion. MDCCXXX H. L. Q. C. Pvblice Tvebitvr Io. Christianvs Thilo Longosalissa Thvringvs I. V. Et Phil. C.
No full textDE THEODERICO BVZICIO EIVSQVE GENERE ET PATRIA DISSERTATIO PRIOR / QVAM MODERANTE IOANNE GOTLIB. KRAVSIO HISTOR. P. P. A. D. III KAL. DECEMBRES A. DION. MDCCXXX H. L. Q. C. PVBLICE TVEBITVR IO. CHRISTIANVS THILO LONGOSALISSA THVRINGVS I. V. ET PHIL. C.
De Theoderico Bvzicio Eivsqve Genere Et Patria Dissertatio Prior / Qvam Moderante Ioanne Gotlib. Kravsio Histor. P. P. A. D. III Kal. Decembres A. Dion. MDCCXXX H. L. Q. C. Pvblice Tvebitvr Io. Christianvs Thilo Longosalissa Thvringvs I. V. Et Phil. C. (1)
Cover (1)
handschriftliche Notiz (6)
Titelblatt (8)
Praefatio. (10)
Text (12)
Widmung (39
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Model of Mobile Cartographic Presentation
No full textW artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia i cechy modelu mobilnej prezentacji kartograficznej. Stanowi on podstawowy element metodyki projektowania prezentacji kartograficznych na potrzeby aplikacji lokalizacyjnych i nawigacyjnych zaproponowany w pracy autora (D. Gotlib 2011). Model oparty jest na szeregu nowych pojęć, mogących stanowić podstawę ontologii mobilnego przekazu kartograficznego: jednostka przekazu kartograficznego, geokompozycja składowa, geowizualizacja elementarna, okno geowizualizacji, zdarzenie kartograficzne. Poprzez podanie przykładów implementacyjnych przybliżono jego właściwości oraz koncepcję modelowania. Wykorzystanie modelu umożliwia formalizację procesu projektowania prezentacji kartograficznych, nie tylko mobilnych. Formalizacja ma na celu uniknięcie niejednoznaczności opracowywanego projektu, zapewnienie możliwości jego wielokrotnego wykorzystania oraz zautomatyzowanego przetwarzania.Complexity of mobile cartographic communication (communication used in mobile applications, mostly navigational or localizational) and various ways of using it require attempts to formalize the process of its development. Formalization demands ontological discussion and acceptance of a certain model of cartographic presentation. Formalization of the design process may allow for such creation of cartographic presentation which would make it independent of particular techno-logies used by manufacturers of navigational and localizational applications. The finał product can be not a particular geovisualization for a particular producer, but rather a cartographic presentation ready to be used in different applications. The article presents main assumptions and features of the model of mobile cartographic presentation (MPK). This model forms a basic element of the methodology of cartographic presentation design for navigational and localizational applications, as suggested in the author's work (D.Gotlib 2011). The model is created during the process of design of cartographic presentation and is capable of directing cartographic communication in any navigational application (if it is enabled by the producer). MPK model is a derivative of a conceptual data model, but it is not a model of data itself, but a model of its presentation to the reader (it is therefore a meta-model). MPK model bases on a number of new terms which can establish a basis of the ontology of mobile cartographic communication: cartographic communication unit, partial geocomposition, elementary geocomposition, geovisualization window, cartographic event and was presented in the form of a UML class diagram. Through implementation examples (using the structure of relational database) its features and modeling concept were revealed. Application of the model of mobile cartographic presentation (MPK) allows for better openness of the process of cartographic presentation design and, to a certain extent, makes it independent of the production process of the application itself. It also facilitates documentation of cartographic presentation and collaboration of large teams of cartographers on complex cartographic presentations
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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