1,720,989 research outputs found
Aspects of human papillomavirus (HPV) disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Full text linkCutaneous and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV patients,
on suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART), poses under-investigated clinical
challenges. HPV in HIV may represent a form of immune reconstitution
associated disease (IRAD). HPV disease and IRADs have been separately
correlated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. HLA might
also influence HPV in HIV.
Comprehensive HPV typing of persistent warts obtained from HIV infected and
healthy subjects was performed. Cutaneous HPV types were detected using
nested PCR/sequencing and newly developed (Luminex based) HSLPCR/
MPG; genital and beta HPV types were identified using a reverse
hybridisation line probe assay. Real time PCR was employed to determine
HPV DNA viral loads. HLA alleles were defined in HIV infected and healthy
patients by Luminex-based molecular typing using DNA derived from blood.
The HPV profile of cutaneous and genital HIV warts differs significantly from
warts from healthy individuals. In HIV, HPV 7 has been confirmed to be an
important HPV type in cutaneous warts (p=0.001). In genital warts in HIV, HPV
11 is the predominant HPV type (p=0.15) and HPV 6 is less common (p=0.002),
contrasting with the usual finding that HPV 6 is the principal type in the general
population. Cross-over of HPV types between cutaneous and genital sites
suggests that HPV tropism is less important than previously thought. An excess
of beta HPV types, predominantly as mixed infections, is seen in cutaneous
warts in HIV (p<0.0005).
The HLA class I allele group HLA-B*44 (as the allele HLA-B*44:02 and the
haplotype HLA-B*44, -C*05) has been identified more frequently in HIV than in
controls (p=0.004, allele group; p=0.0006, allele; p=0.001, haplotype). The
class II allele HLA-DQB1*06 may also be of interest (p=0.03). However, the
differences are reduced after correction for multiple testing.
Further work is required to ascertain if these HPV types and alleles are of
importance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rational design of HIV vaccines and microbicides: report of the EUROPRISE network annual conference 2010
No full textAbstract
Novel, exciting intervention strategies to prevent infection with HIV have been tested in the past year, and the field is rapidly evolving. EUROPRISE is a network of excellence sponsored by the European Commission and concerned with a wide range of activities including integrated developmental research on HIV vaccines and microbicides from discovery to early clinical trials. A central and timely theme of the network is the development of the unique concept of co-usage of vaccines and microbicides. This review, prepared by the PhD students of the network captures much of the research ongoing between the partners. The network is in its 5
th
year and involves over 50 institutions from 13 European countries together with 3 industrial partners; GSK, Novartis and Sanofi-Pasteur. EUROPRISE is involved in 31 separate world-wide trials of Vaccines and Microbicides including 6 in African countries (Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda), and is directly supporting clinical trials including MABGEL, a gp140-hsp70 conjugate trial and HIVIS, vaccine trials in Europe and Africa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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