347 research outputs found
Cooling rates of neutron stars and the young neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant
No full textWe explore the thermal state of the neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant using the recent result of Ho & Heinke that the thermal radiation of this star is well described by a carbon atmosphere model and the emission comes from the entire stellar surface. Starting from neutron star cooling theory, we formulate a robust method to extract neutrino cooling rates of thermally relaxed stars at the neutrino cooling stage from observations of thermal surface radiation. We show how to compare these rates with the rates of standard candles – stars with non-superfluid nucleon cores cooling slowly via the modified Urca process. We find that the internal temperature of standard candles is a well-defined function of the stellar compactness parameter x=rg/R, irrespective of the equation of state of neutron star matter (R and rg are circumferential and gravitational radii, respectively). We demonstrate that the data on the Cassiopeia A neutron star can be explained in terms of three parameters: f?, the neutrino cooling efficiency with respect to the standard candle; the compactness x; and the amount of light elements in the heat-blanketing envelope. For an ordinary (iron) heat-blanketing envelope or a low-mass (? 10?13 M?) carbon envelope, we find the efficiency f?? 1 (standard cooling) for x? 0.5 and f?? 0.02 (slower cooling) for a maximum compactness x? 0.7. A heat blanket containing the maximum mass (?10?8 M?) of light elements increases f? by a factor of 50. We also examine the (unlikely) possibility that the star is still thermally non-relaxe
Negotiating modernity: education and translation in nineteenth century Egypt
Get PDFBetween the French and British occupations, Muhammad Ali Pasha (r. 1805-48) and his successors ruled Egypt as an autonomous Ottoman province. In order to establish and maintain that autonomy from both Ottoman and European imperial interests, Muhammad Ali sought European technical expertise to aid in the rapid modernization of the country – reorganizing the military, building new infrastructure, and reforming the civil service. Establishing a state-of-the- art education system was fundamental to this process, and yet it remains a neglected subject in contemporary historical scholarship on the modernization project initiated under Pasha’s rule.
The dissertation focuses on two institutions that served as the original sites where European knowledge was transmitted and translated: the first student missions to France (1826-49) and the School of Languages in Cairo (1836-51). Using archival documents, correspondence, and published records in both French and Arabic, it uncovers the complicated mediations integral to the acquisition of this expertise through the missions, in the context of defensive modernization against European encroachment. The dissertation further explores how those educated in the student missions used their experiences to choose and localize useful knowledge. It also traces the ways in which Egyptians envisioned a hybridized government and religious education system by advocating for this new knowledge in educational practice and intellectual life through an examination of debates published in the first Egyptian educational journal Rawdat al-Madaris al-Misriyya (The Garden of the Egyptian Schools). By investigating the role played by those in favor of the inclusion of indigenized European knowledge, it highlights the implications of early nineteenth century Egyptian experiments with education on larger literary, religious, philosophical, and political trends in the Middle East in the latter half of the nineteenth century.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-12-01The student, Archana Prakash, accepted the attached license on 2016-11-16 at 15:20.The student, Archana Prakash, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-11-16 at 15:24.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-11-17 at 09:03.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10256 on 2017-02-28 at 14:41:33Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-01T17:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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The g-convexity and the g-centroids of composite graphs
No full text© 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The graph centroids defined through a topological property of a graph called g-convexity found its application in various fields. They have classified under the “facility location” problem. However, the g-centroid location for an arbitrary graph is N P-hard. Thus, it is necessary to devise an approximation algorithm for general graphs and polynomial-time algorithms for some special classes of graphs. In this paper, we study the relationship between the g-centroids of composite graphs and their factors under various well-known graph operations such as graph Joins, Cartesian products, Prism, and the Corona. For the join of two graphs G1 and G2, the weight sequence of the composite graph does not depend on the weight sequences of its factors; rather it depends on the incident pattern of the maximum cliques of G1 and G2. We also characterize the structure of the g-centroid under various cases. For the Cartesian product of G1 and G2 and the prism of a graph, we establish the relationship between the g-centroid of a composite graph and its factors. Our results will facilitate the academic community to focus on the factor graphs while designing an approximate algorithm for a composite graph
Research needs in environmental and waste management in iron & steel industries
Get PDFA large number of processing steps from ore handling to steel finishing involved in the manufacture of steel, consume substantial resources and lead to complex problems of environmental pollution with local as well as global
impacts. Paper identifies various global and local environmental issues that steel industry presents before the mankind. Among the global issues, the large emissions of carbon dioxide from steel industry is a major cause of concern to environmentalists. The quantity of this green house gas constitutes a significantly large proportion of the global CO2 load and hence it contributes significantly in the global warming phenomenon. Some of the important methods have been briefly discussed to reduce these emissions through major energy conservation programmes and implementation of energy efficient processes. Among local
issues are the problems of air, water and noise pollution along with the generation of large quantity of solid wastes. Under each area some of the programmes have
been identified which could provide major research directions towards making the steel industry increasingly more environment friendly
Probiotic Characterization of Bacteriocinogenic Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Okara - (Soy (Glycine Max) Residue
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
On the know-how package
Get PDFThe technological heritage is one of the most valuable assets of any R&D organisation. Although the technology is all pervasive, its development and application are still fraught with problems for both users and manufacturers. Technology, however, does not work in isolation. It
necessarily acts in conjunction with one another and adds value as an integrated system.The integration of technology, however, does not happen by itself. It rather needs conscious efforts to differentiate with respect to
what should be integrated with what and for which purpose. It thus entails the interaction between the world of 'Research', the world of 'Manufacture and Product Application' and the world of IPR and its protection.
In view of the advantages of the potentially opportunistic consequences of global economy, there has been revolution in the market for newer innovative know-how packages. It is vital for our business to be fully acquainted with
the commercial opportunities and costs that have arisen from this. Knowledge packages reflects the knowledge captured by the organisations that create them. These packages basically are expected to comprise knowledge
of the underlying technical foundations, specific engineering fields, managerial processes, details of the manufacturing environment, users, channels
and markets. In reference to the market and context of the application, it,however, leads to the contrasting problems in the management of innovation and its protection. These problems are generally beset with difficulties besides in transferring detailed knowledge, generated by the research and innovation, to the manufacturing site up-stream, to the individuals charged with designing the equipment and to the protection for business development.Intellectual Property Assets can provide the incentives for innovation,
product development and technological changes. It is, however, vital that the organisations get itself fully acquainted with the IPR related issues,understands how IPR are accessible, affordable, accepted and enforced internationally and over all maximise the returns from the knowledge driven economy.The paper intends to discuss the R & D activities that are aimed at the accumulation of specialised expertise in well defined domains and the integration of these domains into coherent system that works well in theapplication context. The paper differentiates the technology integration process with respect to the project and the product performance. The paper illustrates the dependence of technology integration on various factors and describes some observation of the project performance with regard to various Intellectual Property matters including protecting IPRs from infringements and deploying Intellectual Property Assets (IPAs) in business development
Recovery of Coal fines from Rejects by Column Flotation
Get PDFInvestigations were carried out using column flotation to recover coking coal fines from the tailings generated at flotation plant of one of theoperating washeries. Columns of different diameter designed and developed by RRL, Bhubaneswar were used in these studies. Washabilitiy
studies indicated that the tailings have the potential to yield 60% of clean coal at 15.0% ash level. Flotation studies in cell indicated thata product with 16% ash can be obtained at 50% yield from these tailings. Results of column flotation had indicated that the performance
of column is superior to cell and close to washability data. Most of the coal values being rejected presently can be recovered by using theflotation column. The results obtained by 100 mm and 220 mm diameter laboratory columns could be reproduced on pilot column of 1000 mm diameter, confirming the validity of design and scale up criteria
Management of Intellectual Property Rights in R&D Organisations
Get PDFIntellectual Property Rights involve the administration of all phases of management from the original concept of invention to the final commercialisation of the invention. The Intellectual Property (IP)assets are one of the most powerful tools for meeting business objectives and an important factor in the development of national economy. The assessment of the value of IP assets is necessary to
facilitate investment in Industry. This article provides IP management and Strategy in a company or R&D organisation, some basic methods for evaluation of IP assets are discussed
Smelting Reduction Kinetics of Fluxed Composite Reduced Iron Pellets(FCIP)
No full textFluxed composite pellets are produced from a mixture of blue dust , non-coking coal fines and lime powder using
an organic binder. After pre-reduction in reducing atmosphere at a temperature of 1273K these fluxed composite
reduced iron pellets (FCRIP) are then used for smelting reduction experiments in an induction furnace . FCRIPs are
charged onto a molten slag layer floating on a carbon saturated molten iron bath taken in a graphite crucible. The temperature of the bath is varied in the range of 1623K to 1823K for the pellets of basicity varying between 0.82 and 2.0 Kinolic studios shown mixed kinetic model of both diffusion and chemical reaction and follow a model expressed by Ginsiling 13rounstrleirr as G(a) = 1 - (2/3) (rr) - (1 - a)213, where a denotos the degree of reduction. The into of reaction increases with increase in temperature and basicity. However, the basicity dependence on the degree of reduction is not very significant. Activation energy value is obtained in the range of 42 and 60 kJ/mole
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