174,032 research outputs found
Geology, conservation and dissolution of corpses by Paolo Gorini (1813 -1881)
No full textPaolo Gorini (1813-1881), an Italian mathematician, is considered one of the fathers of experimental geology, and his work contributed to the evolution of medicine and hygiene. In 1844, he studied food conservation and worked out a method for conserving corpses and anatomical specimens, approved by the Medical School of Pavia. His geological studies mainly concerned mineralisation. At that time several researchers, including Jean Nicolas Gannal (1791-1852), Girolamo Segato (1792-1836), Ludovico Brunetti (1813-1899) and Efisio Marini (1835- 1900), experimented on the scientific conservation of corpses. Later (1851), Gorini studied the formation of mountains and suggested experiments and demonstrations to produce volcanoes artificially. These studies were fundamental to realizing the early methods of corpse cremation in order to solve the problem of hygiene in cities and cemeteries. Gorini also supervised the construction of the first crematorium (Woking, UK). Gorini conserved the corpse of the Italian politician Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872). Gorini's theories were not scientifically confirmed, but his attempt to understand the Universe and the origin of life and evolution by means of a single law is interesting as an early model for the emerging positivism of that time
Il Progetto Caryl Churchill : una drammaturga da scoprire
No full textLa drammaturga inglese Caryl Churchill ha compiuto settant’anni nel 2008 e da più di trenta è protagonista della scena londinese grazie a un’audace sperimentazione e a un’innata capacità di raccontare la realtà contemporanea. L’articolo ripercorre la fortuna di Churchill in Italia dagli anni ottanta e si interroga sui motivi del suo mancato successo nel nostro paese
Impact of soil‐structure interaction on the effectiveness of Tuned Mass Dampers
No full textTuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) can represent an attracting solution to mitigate vibrations of a structure under seismic excitation, but their effectiveness can be considerably altered by the dynamic interaction with the foundation soil. The available design criteria for TMDs do not account for these effects and can therefore lead to a non-optimised structural performance. In this paper an investigation on the dynamic interaction of the TMD with the whole soil-structure system is presented, with the objective of highlighting the system parameters governing the response and the effectiveness of the device as seismic protection. An interpretative model of the soil-structure-TMD system expressed in a rigorous non-dimensional form is proposed, and an extensive global sensitivity analysis on its performance under harmonic loading is carried out. The identification of the typical performance regions shows that the seismic effectiveness of a TMD is mainly controlled by a limited number of parameters describing the structural behaviour and the soil-structure interaction, such as the structure-to-soil relative stiffness and those governing foundation rocking. The non-dimensional system parameters leading to either a favourable or detrimental effect on the TMD performance due to soil-structure interaction are also identified, and two design methodologies proposed in the literature are critically assessed in light of the framework proposed
Fast neutron irradiation facilities for electronics and materials
No full textThe advent of spallation neutron sources, with neutron energy spectra extending up to 3 GeV, and intense fluxes of fast neutrons, has opened up new opportunities to fulfil the needs of knowledge of testing electronic devices and structural spallation materials under fast-neutron irradiation.
The Italian involvement in the design, construction, and exploitation of neutron irradiation stations at spallation neutron sources is supported by the neutron science program at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), within the framework of the agreements with the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STF C) collaboration in scientific research at the spallation neutron source ISIS (UK) and within the agreement with the European Spallation Source (ESS) ERIC (SE)
Inverse Spin Hall Effect and Anomalous Hall Effect in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
No full textWe study the coupled dynamics of spin and charge currents in a two-dimensional electron gas in the transport diffusive regime. For systems with inversion symmetry there are established relations between the spin Hall effect, the anomalous Hall effect and the inverse spin Hall effect. However, in two-dimensional electron gases of semiconductors like GaAs, inversion symmetry is broken so that the standard arguments do not apply. We demonstrate that in the presence of a Rashba type of spin-orbit coupling (broken structural inversion symmetry) the anomalous Hall effect, the spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effect are substantially different effects. Furthermore, we discuss the inverse spin Hall effect for a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling; our results agree with a recent experiment
Cenni su alcuni caratteri dei cocchi acidoproteolitici di Gorini
No full textDall\u27esame di 18 ceppi di cocchi acidoproteolitici liquefacenti la gelatina — cortesemente forniti dal Prof. C. Gorini — è stato constatato quanto segue.
I cocchi in parola si presentano sostanzialmente sotto due forme diverse; streptococchi riuniti due a due o in lunghe catene e micrococchi, dei quali un primo gruppo di dimensioni relativamente piccole ed uniformi, ammassati irregolarmente, ed un secondo gruppo di dimensioni e forme varie spesso riuniti a tetradi.
Le forme microbiche in linea generale rispondono a determinati tipi di colonie.
Per la maggioranza dei ceppi la forma del coagulo digerito nel latte magro non si presenta sempre nello stesso modo; solo per pochi questa risulta tipica e costante.
Si conferma la constatazione di Gorini che solo il latte sterilizzato a 100° C. per 15\u27 per tre giorni si presta bene sempre per la suddetta dimostrazione.
Salvo poche eccezioni tutti i ceppi dimostrano la loro attività proteolitica anche nelle piastre agar-latte magro con una zona chiara attorno alle colonie, talvolta circondata da un alone opaco.
La catalasi viene prodotta solo da alcune forme stafilococciche. Lo stesso vale per la riduzione dei nitrati.
Infine si è potuto notare che le denominazioni «Mammococcus», «Gastrococcus», «Enterococcus» e «Caseococcus» non rappresentano specie microbiche, tipi o ceppi ben determinati e spesso comprendono cocchi con caratteri morfologici e talvolta anche fisiologici diversi; d\u27altra parte anche due o tre dei suddetti nomi comprendono ceppi morfologicamente e fisiologicamente uguali
Development of resonant detectors for epithermal neutron spectroscopy at pulsed neutron sources
No full textNew perspectives for epithermal neutron spectroscopy are opened by the
development of new detectors for inverse Geometry time of flight
spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources. One example is the Very Low
Angle Detector (VLAD) bank planned to be delivered, within the next 4
years, within the eVERDI project, on the neutron spectrometer VESUVIO.
at the ISIS pulsed neutron source (UK). VLAD will extend the (q,omega)
kinematical region for neutron scattering to low wavefactor transfer (q
< 10Angstrom(-1)) still keeping energy transfer > 1 eV, thus allowing
the investigations of new experimental studies in condensed matter
systems. The technique being developed for detection of epithermal
neutrons, within this low q and high-energy transfer region, is the
Resonance Detection Technique. In this work, the state of the detector
development will be presented with special focus on the results obtained
with some prototype detectors. namely YAP scintillators and
cadmium-zinc-telluride semiconductors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved
Photon detectors for epithermal neutron scattering at high-ω and low-q
No full textInelastic epithermal neutron scattering at high energy ((h) over bar
omega >= 1 eV) and low wave vector (q <= 10 angstrom(-1)) transfers is
the unique technique for the investigation of high-energy excitations in
a variety of systems, ranging from magnetic materials to semiconductors.
The key issue in order to make these measurements feasible on inverse
geometry spectrometers, is to develop suitable detection systems for
neutrons in the energy range 12100 eV: The Resonance Detector
Spectrometer configuration has to be considered as the most promising
approach for electron Volt neutron spectroscopy. This configuration will
be employed in the new low angle detector bank, VLAD, planned for
VESUVIO spectrometer operating at ISIS source. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved
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